Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy

Zhang, Ziqi; Yue, Pengfei; Lu, Tianqi; Wang, Yang; Wei, Yuquan; Wei, Xiawei

doi:10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1

Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Table 3 Function of lysosomes in subset of cells in TME

From: Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy

Cell subset	Function of lysosomes	Outcomes	Reference
Tumor cell	Proliferation	EGFR can be internalized from plasma membrane and degrade in lysosomes	[184, 185]
	Proliferation	Autophagy and macropinocytosis provide extra nutrients	[183, 187, 188]
	Invasion	Cathepsins degrade extracellular component and promote EMT	[193, 195]
	Radioresistance	Radioresistance can be achieved through autophagy, cathepsins, and tumor stem cells	[205, 206, 212, 214, 215]
	Chemoresistance	Drugs are sequestrated in lysosomes by actively transportation or passive diffusion	[220]
	Chemoresistance	Autophagy promotes or inhibits cancer cell death in different situation	[232,233,234,235,236,237]
TAMs	M2-like polarization	Autophagy, LAP, and CMA regulate M2-like polarization at most cases	[257, 259, 260]
	M1-like polarization	TLRs on lysosomal membrane regulate M1-like polarization	[262, 264, 266]
		Elevated luminal pH is correlated with M1-like polarization	[275, 276]
	Invasion promotion	TAM-derived cathepsins promote tumor invasion	[280, 283, 284]
	Chemoresistance induction	TAM-derived cathepsins protect tumor cells from drug-induced apoptosis	[279]
	Infiltration promotion	TAM-derived cathepsins promote macrophage infiltration into TME	[290, 291]
DCs	Antigen presentation	LAMP3⁺ DCs are able to elicit CD8⁺ T cell immunity. Autophagy may promote or inhibit antigen presentation	[293,294,295,296]
CAFs	Chemoresistance regulation	Autophagy in CAFs promotes or inhibits chemoresistance in different tumor	[303, 304]
	Proliferation promotion	Autophagy in CAFs provides nutrients for tumor cells	[299, 300]
	Invasion promotion	Autophagy in CAFs promotes EMT in tumor cells	[305]
	Stemness promotion	CAFs with active autophagy release HMGB1 to enhance stemness in tumor cells	[306]
T cells	CD8⁺ T cell immunity	Autophagy in CD8⁺ T cells promotes or inhibits CD8⁺ T cell immunity in different tumor	[309, 310]
	CD4⁺ T cell immunity	Autophagy in CD4⁺ T cells inhibits anti-tumor effects by T_H9 cell	[311, 312]
	Treg inhibition	Autophagy in Treg promotes survival and stability of Treg cells	[313]

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ISSN: 1756-8722

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