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Table 1 Signaling pathway and role of lncRNA-target genes in brain tumors

From: Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors: roles and potential as therapeutic targets

lncRNA

Target

Signaling pathway

Activity

Reference

PVT1

miR-128-3p

BMP pathway

Promote tumorigenesis and progression

[91]

 

miR-186

 

Promote cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis

[86]

 

miR-200a

 

Promote cell proliferation and invasion

[87]

 

miR-424

 

Promote cell viability, migration invasion and tumor growth

[88]

 

miR-140-5p

 

Promote cell proliferation, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis

[89]

 

miR-190a-5p/MEF2C

 

Promote malignant behaviors

[90]

 

miR-488-3p/MEF2C

   

CASC2

miR-181a

PTEN and Akt pathway

Inhibit cell growth and resistance to TMZ

[27]

 

miR-193a-5p

mTOR pathway

Promote TMZ cytotoxicity through autophagy inhibition

[28]

  

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion

[62]

 

miR-21

 

Inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promote apoptosis

[92]

ZFAS1

 

Notch pathway

Promote progression via regulating EMT

[96]

 

miR-150-5p

 

Promote progression

[94]

 

miR-432-5p

 

Promote viability and promote cisplatin cytotoxicity

[95]

DANCR

 

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Promote progression through activation EMT

[63]

 

miR-33a-5p

miR-33b-5p

miR-1-3p

miR-206

miR-613a

PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway

Promote cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo

[34]

 

miR-634/RAB1A

 

Promote progression

[97]

 

miR-135a-5p/BMI1

 

Promote proliferation, migration, and invasion

[99]

HULC

ESM-1

PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

Promote angiogenesis by regulated ESM-1

[36]

SNHG16

miR-4518/PRMT5

PI3K/Akt pathway

Inhibit apoptosis and promote tumorigenesis via upregulating PRMT5

[37]

 

miR-373/EGFR

PI3K/Akt pathway

Promote tumorigenesis via releasing EGFR

[38]

 

miR-20a-5p/E2F1

 

Promote malignancy through increase E2F1

[100]

CRNDE

miR-136-5p/Bcl-2, Wnt2

PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

Promote malignancy via inhibiting Bcl-2 and Wnt2

[41]

 

P70S6K

mTOR pathway

Promote cell growth and invasion via increasing phosphorylation of P70S6K

[42]

 

miR-348/PIWIL4

 

Promote malignant progression via enhancing PIWIL4

[101]

 

miR-186

 

Promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth by inhibiting apoptosis

[102]

HOTAIR

miR326/FGF1

PI3K/Akt and MEK1/2 pathway

Promote apoptosis and cell cycle via inhibiting FGF1

[45]

 

PRC2

 

Promote cell cycle progression via interacting PRC2

[103]

 

VEGFA

 

Promote angiogenesis via increasing VEGFA

[104]

 

miR-126-5p/GLS

 

Promote progression via regulating GLS

[105]

 

miR-148-3p

 

Inhibit malignant biological behaviors

[106]

 

miR-141/SKA2

 

Promote progression and tumor growth

[107]

 

miR-148-3p/USF1

 

Inhibit BTB permeability via promoting USF1

[108]

 

BRD4

 

Promote proliferation by regulation of BRD4

[109]

H19

 

NF-κB pathway

Promote TMZ resistance

[117]

  

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Promote proliferation, migration, and invasion

[69]

  

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Promote TMZ resistance through suppressed EMT

[70]

 

miR-152

 

Promote proliferation and invasion

[110]

 

miR-140/iASPP

 

Promote proliferation and invasion by targeting iASPP

[111]

 

miR-675

 

Promote proliferation, migration invasion and tumor growth

[66, 68, 112, 113]

 

miR-29a/VASH2

 

Promote angiogenesis

[114]

 

miR-138/HIF-1α

 

Promote proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis by targeting HIF-1α

[115]

 

miR-130a-3p/SOX4

 

Promote migration, invasion and EMT via regulating SOX4

[116]

XIST

miR-126/IRS1

PI3K/Akt pathway

Promote cell growth, glucose metabolism and tumor growth via regulating IRS1

[48]

 

miR-429

 

Promote angiogenesis and tumorigenicity

[118]

 

miR-29c/SP1/MGMT

 

Promote proliferation and TMZ resistance through the DNA mismatch repair pathway

[119]

 

miR-137/Rac1

 

Promote progression by upregulated Rac1

[120]

 

miR-137/FOXC1/ZO-2

 

Inhibit BTB permeability and promote angiogenesis by increasing FOXC1 and ZO-2

[121]

 

miR-152

 

Promote progression and decrease apoptosis

[122]

NEAT1

EGFR

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Promote progression and tumorigenesis through EGFR

[76]

 

miR-449b-5p/c-Met

 

Promote pathogenesis by upregulated c-Met

[123]

 

miR-let-7e/NRAS

 

Promote proliferation migration and invasion while inhibit apoptosis by upregulated NRAS

[124]

 

miR-132/SOX2

 

Promote migration and invasion through upregulation of SOX2

[125]

 

miR-107/CDK6, 14

 

Promote malignant progression by promoted CDK6, 14

[126, 127]

 

miR-181-5p/SOX5

 

Inhibit BTB permeability via upregulating SOX5

[128]

MALAT1

WIF1

Non-canonical Wnt pathway

Promote migration via regulating of WIF1

[77]

  

ERK/MAPK pathway

Inhibit proliferation and invasion

[55, 56]

 

miR-199a/ZHX1

 

Promote proliferation and progression by increase ZHX1

[129]

 

miR-129/SOX2

 

Promote tumorigenesis via facilitating of SOX2

[130]

 

miR-101

 

Promote progression and TMZ resistance

[131,132,133]

 

miR-203

 

Promote TMZ resistance

[134]

 

miR-155/FBXW7

 

Inhibit cell viability by upregulated FBXW7

[135]

MATN1-AS1

RELA

MAPK pathway

Inhibit cell proliferation and invasion through the apoptosis

[57]

 

miR-200b/c/429/CHD1

 

Promote glioma progression

[136]

TPTEP1

miR-106a-5p

P38 MAPK pathway

Inhibit stemness and radio resistance

[59]

CCAT2

miR-424/VEGFA

PI3K/Akt pathway

Promote proliferation and angiogenesis via increasing VEGFA

[50]

  

Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Promote proliferation, migration, cell cycle and tumorigenesis

[78]

 

miR-424/Chk1

 

Promote chemodrug resistance by upregulated Chk1

[137]

   

Promote angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis through release CCAT2-enriched exosomes

[169]

PGM5-AS1

risk-related genes

 

Regulate several prognostic immune-related mRNA

[147]

ST20-AS1

    

AGAP2-AS1

    

MIR155HG

    

SNHG8

protective genes

 

Regulate several prognostic immune-related mRNA

 

LINC00937

    

TUGI

    

MAPKAPK5-AS1

    

HCG18

    

AK098425

protein coding gene

 

Associate immune-related biological immunity

[150]

AL833059

    

AK056155

    

CR613436

    

AC005013.5

protein coding gene

 

Associate immune-related biological process and pathway

[151]

UBE2R2-AS1

    

RP11-89C21.2

    

AC073115.6

    

XLOC-004803

    

HOTAIRM1

miR-129-5p

 

Promote malignancy and relate immune activation

[152]

POU3F3

  

Promote angiogenesis and release POU3F3-enriched exosomes

[165]

SBF2-AS1

miR-151a-3p

 

Promote TMZ resistance and secret SBF2-AS1-enriched exosomes

[168]

ATB

miR-204-3p

 

Promote cell activation and invasion through release ATB-enriched exosomes

[171]