Table 4 Key findings related to immune cells within various tumor lesions obtained using single-cell sequencing

osteosarcoma

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

Identified proinflammatory FABP4 + macrophage infiltration in lung metastatic lesions and revealed that TIGIT blockade enhances the effects of the primary CD3 + T cells

[91]

LUAD, LUSC

Bulk and scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

Revealed that the neoantigen burden is negatively associated with immune cell infiltration and affects evolutionary dynamics

[78]

RCC

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

T cell exhaustion is a key factor that represses immunity; PD-L1, LAG3, TIM-3 are potential targets

[56]

RCC

scRNA-seq, flow cytometry

10X Genomics

The baseline and dynamic renal cell carcinoma tumor burden influence the T cell repertoire; baseline TCR β-China is associated with the prognosis

[154]

CAC

scRNA-seq, flow cytometry

10X Genomics

Identified the transcriptomic signatures of CD4 + T cells between antitumor and anti-viral infection responses

[155]

cHL

scRNA-seq, imaging mass cytometry

CyTOF

Identified LAG3 + Tregs in MHC-II-negative classic HL

[134]

HCC

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics, CyTOF

Identified the trajectory and functional analysis of CD4/CD8 double-positive T cells enriched in L regions with synergetic expression of PD-1/HLA-DR/ICOS/CD45RO and certain transcription factors

[142]

HCC

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

Identified the abnormal immune cells contents dynamics in relapse tumors

[137]

HCC

scRNA-seq, flow cytometry

10X Genomics

Identified the M2 macrophages that expressed CCL18 and CREM at high levels, as well as XCL1 + activated T cell subsets as a ‘pre-exhaustion’ status

[136]

HCC

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics, SMART-Seq 2

Identified the enrichment of MIAT in FOXP3 + CD4 + T cells and PDCD1 + /GZMK + CD8 + T cells, which modulates the expression of distinct genes (JAK2, SLC6A6, KCND1, MEIS3 or RIN1) to contribute to immune escape

[228]

CTCL

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

Identified the heterogeneity of malignant T cells

[229]

CTCL

scRNA-seq, flow cytometry

10X Genomics

Identified the FOXP3 + T cells transiting to GATA3 + or IKZF2 + tumor cells during clonal evolution, which could be used to classify the tumor stage and predict early-stage progression

[230]

Osteosarcoma

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

Revealed that TIGIT blockade enhances the cytotoxic effects of the primary CD3 + T cells on advanced osteosarcoma

[91]

Lung cancer

scRNA-seq, flow cytometry

10X Genomics

Compared the cancer cells and CD3 + T cells between GGN-ADC and SADC

[215]

Breast caner

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

Identified the characteristics of myeloid-derived suppressor cells

[231]

PDAC

scRNA-seq

10X Genomics

Identified a subset of ductal cells with proliferative features associated with inactivating T cells

[49]

GBM

Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing

10X Genomics

Revealed the molecular determinants, including TLE2 and IKZF2, required to improve the CAR antitumor efficacy; identified the genes sensitive to CART therapy

[232]

MM

scRNA-seq, flow cytometry

10X Genomics

Identified the myeloma cells equipped with an immune invasion ability due to the upregulation of inhibitory molecules for cytotoxic T cells and NK cells

[233]

CRC

scRNA-seq

Illumina Bio-Rad

Revealed the increased infiltration of granulocytes and the underlying mechanisms, which are associated with ferroptosis-mediated cell death and Wnt signaling pathway activation in colorectal cancer liver metastases

[234]

NSCLC

scRNA-seq, flow cytometry

10X Genomics

Identified 25 tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell states that are conserved in tumor lesions from patients

[10]

B cell malignancies

scRNA-seq, TCRB seq

10X Genomics

Disclosed the transcriptional programs identifying the clones after CAR-T cell infusions that mainly originated from infused clusters with high expression of cytotoxicity- and proliferation-related genes

[235]