Table 3 Selected tumor markers used for TCR-based therapy, function, and tumor types associated with their overexpression
From: T-cell receptor-based therapy: an innovative therapeutic approach for solid tumors
Marker | Abbreviation | Function | Tumors associated with overexpression |
|---|---|---|---|
AFP | Alpha Fetoprotein | Fetal development [109]—binds metals, fatty acids, and bilirubin | |
H3.3K27M | Histone H3 trimethylation | Histone protein associated with aberrant chromatin compaction and silencing of tumor suppressor genes [112] | Prostate cancer [113], diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma [114] |
HPV-16 E6 | Human Papilloma Virus-16 E6 | Oncoprotein that disrupts p53 function | |
HPV-16 E7 | Human Papilloma Virus-16 E7 | Oncoprotein that disrupts pRB function | |
MAGE-A1 | Melanoma-associated antigen 1 | Embryonic development, transcriptional regulation [118] | Non-small cell lung carcinoma [119] |
MAGE-A3 | Melanoma-associated antigen 3 | Enhancement of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity [120] | Non-small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma [121], urothelial [122] |
MAGE-A4 | Melanoma-associated antigen 4 | Embryonic development [123] | |
MAGE-A6 | Melanoma-associated antigen 6 | Enhancement of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity [126] | |
MAGE-A8 | Melanoma-associated antigen 8 | Embryonic development [129] | |
MAGE-A10 | Melanoma-associated antigen 10 | Embryonic development [129] | Non-small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, urothelial [132] |
MCPyVs | Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV oncoprotein) | Oncovirus integrates into infected cells | Merkel cell carcinoma [133] |
Mesothelin | – | Cellular adhesion [134] | |
NY-ESO-1 | Cancer/testis antigen 1 | Embryonal development [138] | Melanoma [139], breast [140], ovarian [141], non-small cell lung carcinoma [142] |
PRAME | Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma | Transcriptional repressor | |
WT-1 | Wilms tumor 1 | Urogenital development [146] |