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Table 1 Clinicopathological features of patients with RAS mutations

From: Emerging strategies to target RAS signaling in human cancer therapy

Tumor type

N

RAS mutation

Mutation rate

Mutation site

Clinicopathologic features

References

Melanoma

912

NRAS

13.0%

Codon 12, 13, 61

Presence of mitoses; lower TIL grade; anatomic site other than scalp/necks

[39]

Thyroid cancer

107

HRAS, NRAS, KRAS

32.7%

NM

Poorly or undifferentiated type;

[31]

mCRC

484

KRAS, NRAS

51.6%

Codon 12, 13, 61, 146

More mucinous type; higher lung metastases tendency; right-side preference of primary tumors

[206]

CRC

926

KRAS

14.7%

Codon 12, 13

Villous histology preference; advanced adenomas; older age

[207]

NSCLC

6583

KRAS

9.2%

Codon 12, 13

More mucinous type; frequent poorly-differentiated grade; solid pattern tumors preference; larger sized tumors

[208]

IMA

45

KRAS

48.9%

Codon 12

Located in the lower lung lobe; lower frequency of nuclear atypia; lower proportion of geminin-positive cell

[209]

EOC

153

KRAS

11.1%

Codon 12, 13, 61

More mucinous type; lower differentiation grade; higher PR expression; higher pT classifications

[40]

SIA

190

KRAS

32.1%

Codon 12, 13

More frequent pancreatic invasion

[210]

  1. EOC epithelial ovarian cancer, SIA small intestinal adenocarcinoma, IMA invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung, CRC colorectal cancer, mCRC metastatic colorectal cancer, PR progesterone receptor, TIL tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, NM not mentioned