From: Therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer
Post-loading method | Category | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct co-incubation | Passive loading | Simple Maintain EV membrane integrity | Low loading efficiency Time-consuming Limited cargo range | |
Electroporation | Physically-induced active loading | High loading efficiency | SiRNA aggregation Potential influence of stability | [70] |
Sonication | Physically-induced active loading | High loading efficiency | Disrupt EV membrane integrity Damage cargoes | |
Freeze and thaw cycles | Physically-induced active loading | Medium loading efficiency | EV aggregation | [73] |
Extrusion | Physically-induced active loading | High loading efficiency | Disrupt EV membrane integrity | [68] |
Saponin/chemical transfection | Chemically-induced active loading | High loading efficiency | Immunogenetic toxicity Potential influence of stability | [66] |