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Table 4 Applications of bioengineered MSC-derived EVs in cancer

From: Therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer

EV source

Cancer

Method

Modification

Effect

Proposed mechanism

References

hBMSCs

Breast cancer

In vivo

Loaded miR-379

Tumor growth↓

Regulate COX-2

[103]

rBMSCs

Primary rat astrocytes and glioma

In vivo

Loaded miR-146

Tumor growth↓

EGFR↓

NF-κB↓

[104]

hBMSCs

Glioma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-124a

Tumor growth↓

FOXA2↓

FOXA2-mediated aberrant intracellular lipid accumulation↑

[105]

hBMSCs

Glioblastoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-34a

Proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis↓

Chemosensitivity to TMZ↑

MYCN↓

[106]

hBMSCs

Colorectal cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR‐16‐5p

Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓

Apoptosis↑

ITGA2↓

[107]

hBMSCs

Androgen-dependent prostate cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-205

Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓

Apoptosis↑

RHPN2↓

[108]

hUCMSCs

Breast cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-148b-3p

Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓

Apoptosis↑

TRIM59↓

EMT↓

[109]

hUCMSCs

Endometrial cancer

In vitro

Loaded miR-302a

Proliferation↓

Migration↓

Cyclin D1 ↓

AKT signaling pathway↓

[110]

hBMSCs

Pancreatic cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-126-3p

Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓

Apoptosis↑

ADAM9↓

[111]

hBMSCs

Osteosarcoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-206

Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓

Apoptosis↑

Target TRA2B

[112]

hBMSCs

Cervical cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-144-3p

Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓

Apoptosis↑

CEP55↓

[113]

hBMSCs

Ovarian cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-424

Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓

Tube formation↓

MYB↓

[114]

hBMSCs

Osteosarcoma

In vitro

Loaded miR-143

Migration↓

N/A

[115]

hBMSCs

Gastric cancer

In vitro

Loaded miR-221

Migration, invasion, and adhesion to the matrix↑

N/A

[116]

hAMSCs

Osteosarcoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-101

Migration↓

BCL6↓

[117]

hBMSCs

Breast cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded LNA-anti-miR-142-3p

Apoptosis↑

Tumor growth↓

miR-142-3p↓

miR-150↓

associated tumor suppressor genes including APC and P2X7R↑

[118]

hBMSCs

Pancreatic cancer with KrasG12D mutation

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded KRASG12D siRNA

Tumor growth↓

CD47-mediated protection; RAS-mediated micropinocytosis

[119]

hBMSCs

Pancreatic cancer

In vitro and in vivo

iEXO-OXA

Tumor growth↓

Tumor-suppressive macrophage polarization, cytotoxic T lymphocytes recruitment and Tregs downregulation

[120]

hAMSCs, hBMSCs, hMenSCs, DPMSCs, hUCMSCs

Prostate tumor; breast adenocarcinoma; Rat glioblastoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded mRNA

Apoptosis↑

Intracellular conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU

[121]

mBMSCs

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded Taxol

Tumor growth↓

N/A

[122]

hUCMSCs

Breast cancer; ovarian cancer; lung carcinoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded Taxol

Efficient targeting↑

Tumor growth↓

Metastases↓

N/A

[123]

hGinPaMSCs

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; glioblastoma; mesothelioma; squamous cell carcinoma

In Vitro

Loaded PTX

Tumor growth↓

N/A

[124]

mBMSCs

Mouse colon adenocarcinoma

in Vitro and in vivo

DOX@exosome-apt

Tumor growth↓

N/A

[125]

MSCs

Lung cancer; malignant pleural mesothelioma; renal cancer; breast adenocarcinoma; neuroblastoma

In vitro

TRAIL

Apoptosis↑

Sensitivity to TRAIL↑

N/A

[126]

MSCs

Melanoma; breast adenocarcinoma; lung carcinoma; colon adenocarcinoma

In vitro and in vivo

CTNF-α-exosome-SPIONs

Efficient targeting under an external magnetic field↑

Tumor growth↓

Toxicity↓

Induction of the TNFR I-mediated apoptotic pathway

[127]

hAMSCs

Hepatocellular carcinoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-199a

Sensitivity to doxorubicin↑

mTOR pathway↓

[128]

hAMSCs

Hepatocellular carcinoma

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded miR-122

Chemosensitivity↑

Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest↑

[129]

hBMSCs

Glioblastoma multiforme

In vitro

Loaded anti-miR-9

Sensitivity to TMZ↑

Reverse the expression of the multidrug transporter

[130]

hBMSCs

Breast cancer

In vitro and in vivo

Loaded antagomiR222/223

Chemosensitivity↑

Dormancy↓

Regulate cycling quiescence

[131]

hAMSCs

Anaplastic thyroid cancer

In vitro

Loaded TKI

Radioiodine‐sensitivity↑

Thyroid‐specific proteins and transcription factors↑

[132]

  1. DPMSCs dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells, EV extracellular vesicle, hAMSCs human adipose mesenchymal stem cells, hBMSCs human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hGinPaMSCs human gingival papilla mesenchymal stem cells, hMenSCs human menstrual stem cells, hUCMSCs human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, mBMSCs mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, rBMSCs rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells