From: Therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer
EV source | Cancer | Method | Modification | Effect | Proposed mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hBMSCs | Breast cancer | In vivo | Loaded miR-379 | Tumor growth↓ | Regulate COX-2 | [103] |
rBMSCs | Primary rat astrocytes and glioma | In vivo | Loaded miR-146 | Tumor growth↓ | EGFR↓ NF-κB↓ | [104] |
hBMSCs | Glioma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-124a | Tumor growth↓ | FOXA2↓ FOXA2-mediated aberrant intracellular lipid accumulation↑ | [105] |
hBMSCs | Glioblastoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-34a | Proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis↓ Chemosensitivity to TMZ↑ | MYCN↓ | [106] |
hBMSCs | Colorectal cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR‐16‐5p | Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓ Apoptosis↑ | ITGA2↓ | [107] |
hBMSCs | Androgen-dependent prostate cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-205 | Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓ Apoptosis↑ | RHPN2↓ | [108] |
hUCMSCs | Breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-148b-3p | Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓ Apoptosis↑ | TRIM59↓ EMT↓ | [109] |
hUCMSCs | Endometrial cancer | In vitro | Loaded miR-302a | Proliferation↓ Migration↓ | Cyclin D1 ↓ AKT signaling pathway↓ | [110] |
hBMSCs | Pancreatic cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-126-3p | Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓ Apoptosis↑ | ADAM9↓ | [111] |
hBMSCs | Osteosarcoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-206 | Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓ Apoptosis↑ | Target TRA2B | [112] |
hBMSCs | Cervical cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-144-3p | Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓ Apoptosis↑ | CEP55↓ | [113] |
hBMSCs | Ovarian cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-424 | Proliferation, migration, and invasion↓ Tube formation↓ | MYB↓ | [114] |
hBMSCs | Osteosarcoma | In vitro | Loaded miR-143 | Migration↓ | N/A | [115] |
hBMSCs | Gastric cancer | In vitro | Loaded miR-221 | Migration, invasion, and adhesion to the matrix↑ | N/A | [116] |
hAMSCs | Osteosarcoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-101 | Migration↓ | BCL6↓ | [117] |
hBMSCs | Breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded LNA-anti-miR-142-3p | Apoptosis↑ Tumor growth↓ | miR-142-3p↓ miR-150↓ associated tumor suppressor genes including APC and P2X7R↑ | [118] |
hBMSCs | Pancreatic cancer with KrasG12D mutation | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded KRASG12D siRNA | Tumor growth↓ | CD47-mediated protection; RAS-mediated micropinocytosis | [119] |
hBMSCs | Pancreatic cancer | In vitro and in vivo | iEXO-OXA | Tumor growth↓ | Tumor-suppressive macrophage polarization, cytotoxic T lymphocytes recruitment and Tregs downregulation | [120] |
hAMSCs, hBMSCs, hMenSCs, DPMSCs, hUCMSCs | Prostate tumor; breast adenocarcinoma; Rat glioblastoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded mRNA | Apoptosis↑ | Intracellular conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU | [121] |
mBMSCs | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded Taxol | Tumor growth↓ | N/A | [122] |
hUCMSCs | Breast cancer; ovarian cancer; lung carcinoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded Taxol | Efficient targeting↑ Tumor growth↓ Metastases↓ | N/A | [123] |
hGinPaMSCs | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; glioblastoma; mesothelioma; squamous cell carcinoma | In Vitro | Loaded PTX | Tumor growth↓ | N/A | [124] |
mBMSCs | Mouse colon adenocarcinoma | in Vitro and in vivo | DOX@exosome-apt | Tumor growth↓ | N/A | [125] |
MSCs | Lung cancer; malignant pleural mesothelioma; renal cancer; breast adenocarcinoma; neuroblastoma | In vitro | TRAIL | Apoptosis↑ Sensitivity to TRAIL↑ | N/A | [126] |
MSCs | Melanoma; breast adenocarcinoma; lung carcinoma; colon adenocarcinoma | In vitro and in vivo | CTNF-α-exosome-SPIONs | Efficient targeting under an external magnetic field↑ Tumor growth↓ Toxicity↓ | Induction of the TNFR I-mediated apoptotic pathway | [127] |
hAMSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-199a | Sensitivity to doxorubicin↑ | mTOR pathway↓ | [128] |
hAMSCs | Hepatocellular carcinoma | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded miR-122 | Chemosensitivity↑ | Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest↑ | [129] |
hBMSCs | Glioblastoma multiforme | In vitro | Loaded anti-miR-9 | Sensitivity to TMZ↑ | Reverse the expression of the multidrug transporter | [130] |
hBMSCs | Breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Loaded antagomiR222/223 | Chemosensitivity↑ Dormancy↓ | Regulate cycling quiescence | [131] |
hAMSCs | Anaplastic thyroid cancer | In vitro | Loaded TKI | Radioiodine‐sensitivity↑ | Thyroid‐specific proteins and transcription factors↑ | [132] |