Table 2 Summary of the FGL1 detection in various human cancers as determined by a clinical approach

1

2020

BC

N = 47, primary tumor tissue; N = 82, peripheral blood

IHC; flow cytometry

FGL1 was present and tended to be expressed at higher levels in stage III cancer cells than in stage I or II cancer cells

[163]

2

2020

HCC

N = 143, primary tumor tissue

Multiplex IF

High FGL1 expression was negatively associated with PD-L1 expression and the CD8⁺ T cell density but positively associated with high LAG3⁺ T cell density

[165]

3

2019

LUAD

N = 30, primary tumor tissue

IHC

Low FGL1 expression contributed to EMT and angiogenesis in LKB1-low LUAD tissue samples

[93]

4

2019

NSCLC

N = 275, plasma

Multiplex QIF

FGL1 was shown to exhibit a relatively high expression level in tumor cells compared with the stromal distribution and paired normal tissues; ~ 15% NSCLC patients showed elevated expression, implying a worse 5-year OS rate

[50]

N = 74, plasma

ELISA

Higher plasma FGL1 levels were detected in NSCLC patients than in healthy donors; the plasma FGL1 levels in NSCLC patients were not associated with tumor metastasis or liver injury

N = 18, plasma

ELISA

Higher plasma FGL1 levels were associated with worse OS in NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy

5

2019

MM

N = 21, plasma

ELISA

Higher plasma FGL1 levels were associated with worse OS in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy

6

2019

GC

N = 50, primary tumor tissue

qPCR and WB

Both the mRNA and protein levels of FGL1 were obviously higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.001); high FGL1 expression was related to a poor prognosis (P < 0.01); the FGL1 expression, pathological stage and histological grade were positively associated with the OS of GC patients (P < 0.05)

[94]