From: Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy
Natural killer cells | Stimulatory | Activating receptors: NKP30, NKP44, NKG2D, CD16, 2B4 |
Cytokines: IL-2 and IL-15 | ||
Engineered NK cells | ||
Inhibitory | ITIM-containing receptors (KIR family, PD1 and TIGIT) | |
CD94/NKG2A | ||
LIR1 | ||
TIM-3 | ||
IDO | ||
Dendritic cells | Stimulatory | cGAS-STING pathway |
TLR | ||
Cytokines: GM-CSF, Type I IFN, FLT3L | ||
Inhibitory | ITIM-containing receptors (FcγRIIB, etc.) | |
CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway | ||
IDO | ||
Macrophages | Stimulatory | CpG oligonucleotide |
IFN-γ | ||
TNF-α | ||
IL-12 | ||
TLR agonists | ||
Inhibitory | ITIM-containing receptors (SIRPα-CD47, SIGLEC-10, etc.) | |
IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 | ||
CCL5, CCL2/CCR2 |