Fig. 1From: Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against gliomaHuman TLRs and their corresponding PAMPs. TLR1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 10 are anchored on the cell membranes and are in charge of defensing against extracellular pathogens; TLR3, 7, 8, and 9 are located in the endosome to detect intracellular pathogens. TLRs bind to their corresponding ligands to induce physiological and/or pathological downstream signalingBack to article page