From: Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma
TLRs | Species | Tissue(s)/cell type(s) | Expression | Anti-/pro-tumorigenic | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TLR1 | Human | Glioma tissues | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172) | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | GAMs | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 | Mouse | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | GAMs | Upregulated | Pro- | |
TLR2 | Human | Glioma tissue | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172, GL261) | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | GAMs | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | mDCs | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | GSCs | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 | Mouse | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | GAM | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | GSCs of murine GL261 cell line | Present Present | n.s n.s | |
TLR3 | Human | Glioma tissues | Upregulated | n.s | |
 |  | GBM (U87-MG, A172, U251, LN229) | Upregulated | n.s | |
 |  | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 | Mouse | GBM (GL261) | Upregulated | n.s | |
 |  | Microglia | Present | n.s | |
TLR4 | Human | Glioma tissue | Upregulated | Pro- | [55] |
 |  | Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172, LN229, U118, SF126, U87, U251, GI261) | Upregulated | Pro- |  |
 |  | GAMs | Upregulated | Pro-tumor | |
 |  | GSCs | Upregulated | Pro/anti- | |
 | Mouse | Glioma cell lines (GL261) | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | GSC | Upregulated | Pro/anti- | |
TLR5 | Human | Glioma tissues | Upregulated | n.s | [55] |
 |  | GBM (U87-MG, A172) | Upregulated | n.s | |
 |  | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 | Mouse | GBM (G261, T98G) | Upregulated | n.s | |
TLR6 | Human | Glioma tissues | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172) | Upregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | GAMs | Upregulated | Pro- | |
TLR7 | Human | pDCs | Downregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | mDCs | Upregulated | Anti- | [69] |
 | Mouse | Glioma cell lines (GL261, CNS-) | Present | n.s | |
TLR8 | Mouse | Glioma cell lines (GL261, CNS-1) | Present | n.s | [69] |
TLR9 | Human | Glioma tissues | Upregulated | n.s | |
 |  | Glioma cell lines (U87, LN229, SNB19, U251) | Upregulated | n.s | |
 |  | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | pDCs | Downregulated | Pro- | |
 |  | GSCs | Upregulated | Pro- | [93] |
 | Murine | Glioma cell lines (GL261, C6) | Upregulated | n.s | |
 |  | Microglia | Upregulated | Anti- | |
 |  | GSCs | Upregulated | Pro- | [93] |
TLR10 | Human | n/a | Â | Â | Â |
 | Mouse | n/a |  |  |  |