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Table 2 Summary of expression of TLR in CNS cells and tissues

From: Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma

TLRs

Species

Tissue(s)/cell type(s)

Expression

Anti-/pro-tumorigenic

References

TLR1

Human

Glioma tissues

Upregulated

Pro-

[55, 61, 62]

  

Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172)

Upregulated

Pro-

[61, 62]

  

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 72]

  

GAMs

Upregulated

Pro-

[62, 75,76,77,78]

 

Mouse

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 72]

  

GAMs

Upregulated

Pro-

[62, 75,76,77,78]

TLR2

Human

Glioma tissue

Upregulated

Pro-

[55, 61, 62]

  

Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172, GL261)

Upregulated

Pro-

[55, 61, 62, 88]

  

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 72]

  

GAMs

Upregulated

Pro-

[62, 75,76,77,78]

  

mDCs

Upregulated

Anti-

[83, 84]

  

GSCs

Upregulated

Pro-

[88] [86]

 

Mouse

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 72]

  

GAM

Upregulated

Pro-

[62, 75,76,77,78]

  

GSCs of murine GL261 cell line

Present

Present

n.s

n.s

[86, 88]

TLR3

Human

Glioma tissues

Upregulated

n.s

[62, 78]

  

GBM (U87-MG, A172, U251, LN229)

Upregulated

n.s

[55, 95, 96]

  

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 79]

 

Mouse

GBM (GL261)

Upregulated

n.s

[95, 96]

  

Microglia

Present

n.s

[71, 79]

TLR4

Human

Glioma tissue

Upregulated

Pro-

[55]

  

Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172, LN229, U118, SF126, U87, U251, GI261)

Upregulated

Pro-

 
  

GAMs

Upregulated

Pro-tumor

[93, 94]

  

GSCs

Upregulated

Pro/anti-

[86, 88, 90,91,92]

 

Mouse

Glioma cell lines (GL261)

Upregulated

Pro-

[95, 97, 98]

  

GSC

Upregulated

Pro/anti-

[90, 99, 100]

TLR5

Human

Glioma tissues

Upregulated

n.s

[55]

  

GBM (U87-MG, A172)

Upregulated

n.s

[55, 72, 73]

  

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 72]

 

Mouse

GBM (G261, T98G)

Upregulated

n.s

[95, 101]

TLR6

Human

Glioma tissues

Upregulated

Pro-

[55, 61, 62]

  

Glioma cell lines (U87-MG, A172)

Upregulated

Pro-

[55, 59,60,61,62, 67, 68]

  

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 72]

  

GAMs

Upregulated

Pro-

[62, 75,76,77,78]

TLR7

Human

pDCs

Downregulated

Pro-

[82, 83]

  

mDCs

Upregulated

Anti-

[69]

 

Mouse

Glioma cell lines (GL261, CNS-)

Present

n.s

[69, 95, 98, 102]

TLR8

Mouse

Glioma cell lines (GL261, CNS-1)

Present

n.s

[69]

TLR9

Human

Glioma tissues

Upregulated

n.s

[55, 59, 60]

  

Glioma cell lines (U87, LN229, SNB19, U251)

Upregulated

n.s

[59, 60, 79, 81, 103]

  

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 79]

  

pDCs

Downregulated

Pro-

[82, 83]

  

GSCs

Upregulated

Pro-

[93]

 

Murine

Glioma cell lines (GL261, C6)

Upregulated

n.s

[95, 98]

  

Microglia

Upregulated

Anti-

[71, 79]

  

GSCs

Upregulated

Pro-

[93]

TLR10

Human

n/a

   
 

Mouse

n/a

   
  1. n/a indicates that information is not available. n.s. not specified