Table 4 The clinical trials TLR agonist-based treatment against glioma

TLR2

Pam3Cys

None

GBM

Recruiting

I

15 A

n.s

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT04842513

n/a

TLR3

Poly I:C

None

Gliomas Glioma

Completed

II

47 P/A

i.m

50% (LGG)

25% (HGG)

n/a

n/a

NCT01188096

[143]

Poly I:C

Radiation

HGGs/GBM

Recruiting

I

30 A

i.t

20%

2.9

12

NCT03392545

[134]

Poly I:C

Peptide vaccine

Recurrent LGGs

Completed

Early I

10 A

s.c

55.5%

12

n/a

NCT00874861

[140]

Poly ICLC

n/a

Glioma HGG/GBM

Completed

II

55 A

i.m

11.1%

6moPFS 24%

11

NCT00058123

[138]

Poly ICLC

GAAs

Grade II Astrocytomas

Completed

Early I

13 A

i.m

90.1%

17

n/a

NCT00795457

[140]

Poly ICLC

GAAs

Recurrent HGGs

Completed

I

26 P

i.m

25%

4.1

12.9

NCT01130077

[145]

Poly ICLC

GAAs

LGG

Completed

I

14 P

i.m

41.6%

9.9

42

NCT01130077

[144]

Poly ICLC

GAAs

LGG

Recruiting

I

60 P/A

i.m

41.6%

9.9

42

NCT01130077

[144]

Poly ICLC

Peptide vaccine

TMZ

Astrocytoma GBM

Completed

I/II

19 A

i.m

31.2%

9.5 for GBM

19 for GBM

NCT01920191

[141]

Poly ICLC

APVAC1 vaccine

GBM

Completed

I

16 A

s.c

n/a

14.2

29

NCT02149225

[37]

Poly ICLC

Radiation

TMZ

Newly diagnosed GBM

Completed

II

97 A

i.m

n/a

n/a-

15

NCT00262730

[216]

Poly ICLC

GAAs

Recurrent malignant glioma

Completed

I/II

22 A

i.m

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT00766753

n/a

Poly ICLC

SL-701

Recurrent GBM

Completed

I/II

74 A

i.m

n/a-

n/a-

n/a-

NCT02078648

n/a-

Poly ICLC

GAAs

LGG

Recruiting

II

25A

i.m

n/a-

n/a-

n/a-

NCT02358187

n/a-

Poly ICLC

Peptide vaccine

Pembrolizumab

Recurrent Relapsing GBM

Recruiting

I/II

24 A

s.c

n/a-

n/a-

n/a-

NCT03665545

n/a-

Poly ICLC

Glioma lysate vaccine

Grade II2 glioma

Recruiting

I

30 A

s.c

n/a-

n/a-

n/a-

NCT02549833

n/a-

Poly ICLC

K27M peptide

Nivolumab

Newly diagnosed glioma

Recruiting

I/II

49 A

n.s

n/a

n/a

n/a-

NCT02960230

TLR4

HSPPC-96

None

Recurrent GBMGlioma

Completed

I/II

41 A

n.s

n/a

19.1 weeks

42.6 weeks

NCT00293423

[158]

HSPPC-96

None

Newly diagnosed GBMGlioma

Completed

I

20 A

n.s

20%

11

31.4

NCT02122822

[157]

HSPPC-96

Temozolomide

Newly diagnosed GBM

Completed

II

70 A

i.d

26%

18

23.8

NCT00905060

[189]

HSPPC-96

Bevacizumab

GBMRecurrent GBM

Active not recruiting

II

90 A

i.d

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT01814813

n/a

HSPPC-96

Pembrolizumab

Temozolomide

Radiation

Placebo

Newly diagnosed GBM

Active not recruiting

II

310 A

i.d

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT03018288

n/a

Ibudilast

TMZ

Recurrent GBM

Active not recruiting

I/II

50 A

n.s

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT03782415

n/a

TLR7

Imiquimod

DC vaccine

Recurrent malignant brain tumor

Completed

I

8 P/A

s.a

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT01171469

n/a

Imiquimod

DC vaccine

Malignant glioma

Completed

I

71 A

s.a

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT01792505

n/a

Imiquimod

Tumor lysate vaccine

Recurrent grade II glioma

Completed

Early phase I

19 A

n.s

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT01678352

n/a

Imiquimod

hP1A8

GBM6-AD vaccine

Recurrent GBM

Recruiting

I

24 A

n.s

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT04642937

n/a

Imiquimod

IDH1R132H-specific vaccine

Avelumab

Progressive diffuse glioma

Recruiting

I

60 A

n.s

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT03893903

n/a

Imiquimod

DC vaccine

Tumor lysate

Malignant glioma and GBM

Active not recruiting

I

20 A

s.a

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT01808820

[169]

Resiquimod

Adjuvant Poly ICLC

Tumor-lysate pulsed DC vaccine

Brain tumors

Active, not recruiting

II

60 A

s.a

n/a

n/a

n/a

NCT01204684

n/a

TLR9

CpG-ODN

None

Malignant GBM

Completed

II

80 A

n.s

n/a

9

n/a

NCT00190424

[174]

CpG-ODN

None

Recurrent GBM

Completed

II

n/a

n.s

n/a

28 weeks

n/a

n/a

[172]