Table 2 Strategies for lipid metabolism in tumor-infiltrating immune cells
From: Contradictory roles of lipid metabolism in immune response within the tumor microenvironment
Mechanism | Type | Example | Phase | Tumor type | Trial number | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty acids | CD36 antibody | CD36 antibody | Preclinical | Melanoma; colon cancer; lymphoma | NA | 1. Ablating the function of intratumor Tregs; 2. Reducing antigen presentation ability of DC | |
ACC inhibitor | Metformin | Phase II | Esophageal Cancer | ChiCTR-ICR-15005940 | Increasing CD8+ T cell amount and decreasing tumor-associated macrophages | [143] | |
FASN inhibitor | C75 | Preclinical | Thyroid carcinoma, neuroblastoma | NA | Reducing IL-1β, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in macrophages | [88] | |
CPT1 inhibitor | Etomoxir | Preclinical | Breast, colon, lung, and prostate tumor | NA | 1. Abrogating the pro-tumor effects of TAMs; 2. Inhibiting tumor-infiltrating MDSCs | ||
| Â | perhexiline | Preclinical | Breast cancer | NA | Boosting function of CD8+ Teffs | [74] | |
Cholesterol | LXRs agonist | RGX-104 | Phase I a/b | Multiple tumors | NCT02922764 | Suppressing survival and immunosuppressive function of MDSCs | [109] |
ACAT inhibitor | Avasimibe | NA | Melanoma | NA | Enhancing CTL responses | [57] | |
Extracellular vesicles | Exosomes | (DC)-derived exosomes (DEX) loaded with the MAGE tumor antigens | Phase I | NSCLC | NA | Controlling drug release in tumors | [158] |
Liposome/lipid-NP | DCR-MYC, TKM-080301, EphA2-targeting DOPC-encapsulated siRNA | Phase I/II | Hepatoma, recurrent Solid Tumors | NCT01591356, NCT02314052, NCT02191878 | Enhancing drug delivery and minimize serious side effects | [156] |