Table 1 The functions of m6A enzymes in RNA metabolism
From: Functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of METTL14 in human cancer
| Type | Factors | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Writers | METTL3 | Catalyzes m6A modification [52] |
| METTL14 | Stabilizes the structure of MTC and recognizes target RNAs [68] | |
| WTAP | Contributes to the localization of METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer to the nuclear speckle [49, 70] | |
| VIRMA | Recruits the MTC to the special RNA site and interacts with polyadenylation cleavage factors CPSF5 and CPSF6 [51] | |
| BM15/15B | Recruits METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer to target transcripts [53] | |
| ZC3H13 | Bridges WTAP to the mRNA-binding factor Nito [55] | |
| ZCCHC4 | Responsible for m6A modification of 28S rRNA [60,61,62] | |
| METTL16 | Catalyzes m6A modification in U6-snRNA and participates in pre-RNA splicing [56, 57] | |
| METTL5 | Responsible for m6A modification of 18S rRNA [58, 59] | |
| Erasers | FTO | Removes m6A modification [29,30,31] |
| ALKBH5 | Removes m6A modification [31, 58, 110] | |
| ALKBH3 | Removes m6A modification [33, 34] | |
| Readers | YTHDC1 | Impacts mRNA splicing and nuclear export [37] |
| YTHDC2 | Promotes RNA decay and translation [38] | |
| YTHDF1 | Enhances the translational rates of its mRNA targets [35] | |
| YTHDF2 | Induces mRNA degradation [36] | |
| YTHDF3 | Promotes mRNA translation (YTHDF1) and decay (YTHDF2) [39] | |
| IGF2BP1/2/3 | Promotes mRNA stability and translation [41] | |
| HNRNPA2B1/C/G | Regulates primary miRNA processing, mRNA structure and alternative splicing [44, 45] | |
| eIF3 | Promotes mRNA translation [42] |