Functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of METTL14 in human cancer

Table 1 The functions of m⁶A enzymes in RNA metabolism

Type	Factors	Function
Writers	METTL3	Catalyzes m⁶A modification [52]
	METTL14	Stabilizes the structure of MTC and recognizes target RNAs [68]
	WTAP	Contributes to the localization of METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer to the nuclear speckle [49, 70]
	VIRMA	Recruits the MTC to the special RNA site and interacts with polyadenylation cleavage factors CPSF5 and CPSF6 [51]
	BM15/15B	Recruits METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer to target transcripts [53]
	ZC3H13	Bridges WTAP to the mRNA-binding factor Nito [55]
	ZCCHC4	Responsible for m⁶A modification of 28S rRNA [60,61,62]
	METTL16	Catalyzes m⁶A modification in U6-snRNA and participates in pre-RNA splicing [56, 57]
	METTL5	Responsible for m⁶A modification of 18S rRNA [58, 59]
Erasers	FTO	Removes m⁶A modification [29,30,31]
	ALKBH5	Removes m⁶A modification [31, 58, 110]
	ALKBH3	Removes m⁶A modification [33, 34]
Readers	YTHDC1	Impacts mRNA splicing and nuclear export [37]
	YTHDC2	Promotes RNA decay and translation [38]
	YTHDF1	Enhances the translational rates of its mRNA targets [35]
	YTHDF2	Induces mRNA degradation [36]
	YTHDF3	Promotes mRNA translation (YTHDF1) and decay (YTHDF2) [39]
	IGF2BP1/2/3	Promotes mRNA stability and translation [41]
	HNRNPA2B1/C/G	Regulates primary miRNA processing, mRNA structure and alternative splicing [44, 45]
	eIF3	Promotes mRNA translation [42]

ISSN: 1756-8722