Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of the included studies

Monin

United Kingdom

2021 Full-text article

95 solid cancers (Women’s cancers 35%, Urological cancers 16%, Skin cancers 13%, Thoracic cancers 22%, Gastrointestinal cancers 13%, etc.), 56 hematological cancers (Mature B-cell neoplasms 68%, Mature T-cell neoplasms 9%, Myeloid and acute leukemia neoplasms 18%, etc.)

54 (Healthy controls)

Cases 73 (19–94), Controls 40.5 (22–78)

Cases 48%, Controls 48%

Solid cancers: Chemotherapy 31.5%, CPI 14.1%, Chemotherapy + CPI 6.5%, Targeted therapies 14.1%, Endocrine therapies 12.0%, Radiotherapy 5.4%, Surgery 8.7%

Hematological cancers: Chemotherapy 10.9%. Targeted therapies 16.4%, Single-agent monoclonal antibodies 3.6%

Chemo/targeted therapies + immunotherapy 27.3%, Lenalidomide 7.3%, CPI 1.8%, Radiotherapy 9.1%, Surgery 1.8%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100%

Cases 100 (Solid cancers 56, hematological cancers 44) Controls 34

Cases 24 (Solid cancers 19, hematological cancers 5) Controls 12

Harrington 1

United Kingdom

2021 Full-text article

16 hematological cancers (Chronic phase CML 100%)

None

Median: 45 (Range 23–74)

25%

Targeted therapy 93.75%, targeted therapy + HSCT 6.25%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100%

16

NA

Bird

United Kingdom

2021 Comment

93 hematological cancers (Multiple myeloma 100%)

(Disease status (per IMWG criteria):

Complete response or very good partial response 51.6%,

Partial response 17.2%, Stable disease or progressive disease 29.0%, Unable to assess 2.15%)

None but reports 177 hospital staff getting the same test

67 (IQR 59–73)

40.9%

Immunomodulatory drugs 66.7%, PI 27.3%, Anti-CD38 antibody 31.8%, Other therapy 15.2%

63.6%

Cases: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 51.6% AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) 48.4%

Controls NA

93

NA

Herishanu

Israel

2021 Full-text article

167 hematological cancers (CLL or SLL 100%) (Treatment-naïve: 34.7%, on-therapy: 44.9%, off-therapy in remission: 14.4%, off-therapy in relapse: 6.0%)

52 (Healthy age- and sex-matched controls)

Case median: 71.0 (IQR 63.0–76.0), Control median: 68.0 (IQR 64.0–74.0)

32.9%

BTK inhibitors 66.7%, Venetoclax ± anti-CD20 antibodies 29.3%, Other 4.0%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 100%

NA

219

Agha

United States

2021 Preprint

67 hematological cancers (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia 19.4%, other lymphomas 31.3%, multiple myeloma 43.3%, other myeloid malignancies 5.97%)

None

Median: 71 (IQR 65–77)

47.8%

Thalidomide derivatives 20.4%, Proteasome inhibitors 18.4%, Monoclonal antibodies 22.5%, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors 14.3%, Other therapies 4.1%

20.4%

mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 41.8% BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech 50.8%, unavailable 7.4%

NA

67

Roeker

United States

2021 Letter to the editor

44 hematological cancers (CLL 100%)

None

Median: 71 (Range 37–89)

47.8%

BTK inhibitor 32%, Venetoclax 16%, anti-CD20 antibodies within 1 year 32%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 57% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 43%

NA

44

Thakkar

United States

2021 Full-text article

134 solid cancers (Breast 38.1%, Gastrointestinal 20.1%, Genitourinary 13.4%, Gynecological 7.5%, Thoracic/head & neck 18.7%, Skin/musculoskeletal 1.5%, Carcinoma of unknown primary 0.7%), 66 hematological cancers (Lymphoid 39.4%, Myeloid 27.3%, Plasma cell 33.3%)

26 (Healthy controls)

Case median: 67 (Range 27–90), Control median: 64 (Range 37–82)

Cases: 58%, Control: 62%

Chemotherapy 56%, Targeted therapy 19.5%, Immunotherapy 54%, Hormonal therapy 23.5%, Experimental therapy 3.5%, Protease inhibitor 9.5%, Antibody–drug conjugate 3.5%

NA

Cases: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) 58% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 31%, AD26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) 10% mRNA (type unknown) 2% Controls: NA

Cases: 20, Controls: NA All data reported after final dose in vaccination series

Cases: 180 (Solid cancers 134, hematological cancers 66), Controls: 26

Palich

France

2021 Letter to the editor

223 solid cancers (Breast 40%, Digestive 16%, Lung 14%, Gynecological 11%, Prostate 4.0%, Bladder 3.6%, Pancreas 3.6%, Kidney 2.7%, Upper aero-digestive tract 2.7%, Others 3.1%)

49 (Healthy volunteers)

Case median: 67 (IQR 60–75), Control median: 53 (IQR 47–60)

Cases: 64%, Controls: 65%

Chemotherapy 58%, Targeted therapy 35%, Immunotherapy 13%, Hormone therapy 12%, Radiotherapy 2.2%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) 100%

NA

Cases: 223, Controls: 49

Chowdhury

United Kingdom

2021 Letter to the editor

59 hematological cancers (Chronic myeloid leukemia 20.3, Essential thrombocythemia 27.1%, Myelofibrosis 11.9%, Polycythemia vera 18.6, Myelodysplastic syndrome 22.0%)

232 (Healthcare workers > 60 years old)

Case median: 62 (IQR 52–73), Control median: 62 (Range 60–76)

Cases: 54.2% Control: NA

Chemotherapy 23.7%, Immunotherapy 13.6%, Targeted therapy 28.8%, Chemotherapy + targeted therapy 1.7%, BET inhibitor 1.7%, Darbopoietin 5.1%, Anagrelide 1.7%

NA

Cases: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 37.3% AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) 62.7% Controls: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 72.8%, AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) 27.2%

Cases: 59, Controls: 232

NA

Diefenbach

United States

2021 Preprint

53 hematological cancers (CLL/SLL 32%, Hodgkin lymphoma 8%, DLBCL 19%, Follicular lymphoma 13%, Mantle cell lymphoma 6%, Marginal zone lymphoma 13%, Low-grade B cell lymphoma 2%, Burkitt lymphoma 2%, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia 6%)

5 (Healthy vaccinated controls: 3, Convalescent vaccinated controls: 2)

Case median: 63 (Range 25–98), Control: NA

Cases: 47%, Control: NA

Anti-CD20-based therapy 45%, BTK inhibitors 19%, Chemotherapy 8%

NA

Cases: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 77% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 23% Controls: NA

Cases: 52 Data from first and second vaccinations were not reported separately

Cases: 19, Controls: 5

Terpos

Greece

2021 Letter to the editor

59 solid cancers (Lung 27.1%, Bladder 25.4%, Kidney 18.6%, Uterine 8.5%, Pancreatic 5.1%, Other 13.6%)

283 (Healthy controls)

Case median: 66 (IQR 61–76), Control median: 64 (IQR 59–82)

Cases: 34.8%, Control: "We used case–control matching to match the two groups for age, gender, and type of vaccine with the calipmatch command in Stata."

Immune checkpoint inhibitors 96.6%, I/O combination 3.4%

NA

Cases: BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 69.5% AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) 25.4% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 5.1% Controls: mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) 82%, AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) 18%

Cases: 59, Controls: 283

NA

Harrington 2

United Kingdom

2021 Letter to the editor

21 hematological cancers (Essential thrombocythaemia 38.1%, Myelofibrosis 42.9%, Polycythaemia vera 19.0%)

None

Mean: 55 (Range 36–72)

66.7%

Chemotherapy 19.0%, Immunotherapy 19.0%, Targeted therapy 23.8%, Targeted therapy + IMG-7289 4.8%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (100%)

21

NA

Pimpinelli

Italy

2021 Full-text article

92 hematological cancers (Multiple myeloma 45.7%, MPM 54.3%)

36 (Healthy controls)

Multiple myeloma median: 73 (Range 47–78), MPM median: 70 (Range 28–80), Control median: 81 (Range 79–87)

Multiple myeloma: 45.2%, MPM: 48%, Control: 50%

Chemotherapy 21.7%, PI-based combination therapies 9.8%, Immunomodulatory imide drugs 20.7%, Targeted therapy 28.3%

45.7%

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (100%)

NA

Cases: 92, Controls: 36

Addeo

United States, Switzerland

2021 Full-text article

106 solid cancers (Breast 25.5%, Urological 18.9%, Gynecological 2.8%, Skin 6.6%, Thoracic malignancy 17.0%, Gastrointestinal 15.1%, Head and neck 2.8%, Brain 7.5%, Connective tissue 3.8%) 25 hematological cancers (Diffuse large B cell lymphoma 24%, Follicular lymphoma 8%, MALT lymphoma 8%, T-cell Lymphoma/Mycosis Fungoides 2, 8%, Hodgkin’s lymphoma 16%, Polycythemia Vera 4%, Myeloma 20%)

None

Median: 63 (IQR 55 – 69)

45%

Cytotoxic chemotherapy 23%, Immunotherapy 11%, Endocrine therapy 15%, Targeted therapies 25%, Unknown (double-blind clinical trial) 1%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 29% mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 71%

Cases: 121

Cases: 123

Barrière

France

2021 Letter to the editor

122 solid cancers

29 (Healthy volunteers)

Cancer median: 69.5 (Range 44–90), Control median: 53 (Range 21–81)

Cancer: 47.5%, Control: NA

Chemotherapy (CT) ± targeted therapy 86.0%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (100%)

Cases: 122, Controls: 13

Cases: 42, Controls: 24

Massarweh

Israel

2021 Full-text article

102 solid cancers (Gastrointestinal 28%, Lung 25%, Breast 18% cancer, Brain 9%, Genitourinary 8% Other 12%)

78 (Family members/caregivers of case patients)

Case median: 66 (Range 56–72) Control median: 62 (Range 49–70)

Cancer: 43%, Control: 68%

Chemotherapy 29%, Immunotherapy 22%, Chemotherapy + biological therapy 20%, Chemotherapy + immunotherapy 14%, Biological therapy 11%, Immunotherapy + biological therapy 5%

NA

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (100%)

NA

Cases: 102, Controls; 78

Monin

IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, ELISA

3 and 5 weeks after the first vaccination (second vaccination administered at 3 weeks)

29/100 (Solid cancers 21/56, hematological cancers 8/44) Women’s cancers 9/19, Urological cancers 4/6, Skin cancers 2/9, Thoracic cancers 3/14, Gastrointestinal cancers 3/6) Mature B-cell neoplasms 6/31 (CLL 1/6, Lymphoma 2/15, MM 3/9), Mature T-cell neoplasms (Anaplastic large cell lymphoma) 1/4, Myeloid and acute leukemia neoplasms 1/8 (AML 0/1, CML 0/2, MDS/MPM 1/2)

32/34

–

–

21/24 (Solid cancers 18/19, hematological cancers 3/5) Women’s cancers 6/6, Urological cancers 1/1, Skin cancers 4/5, Thoracic cancers 3/3, Gastrointestinal cancers 4/4 Mature B-cell neoplasms 2/4 (CLL 1/2, Lymphoma 0/1, MM 1/1), Myeloid and acute leukemia neoplasms 1/8 (MDS/MPM 1/1)

12/12

–

–

Harrington 1

Anti-S IgG ELISA

Median 21 days (IQR 21–27.25) after first vaccination

14/16 (CML)

–

Median EC50: 100.5 (IQR 25–408.3)

–

–

–

–

–

Bird

Ortho Clinical Diagnostic Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total chemiluminescent immunoassays

Median 33 days (IQR 28–38) after first vaccination

Total: 52/93 (MM) BNT162b2: 26/48, AZD1222: 26/45

175/177 HCWs

NA

NA

–

–

–

–

Herishanu

Roche Diagnostics Elecsys® Anti–SARS-CoV-2S assay

Median 15 days (IQR 14–17) after second vaccination

–

–

–

–

66/167 (CLL) Active tx 12/75 (BTKinh 8/50, venetoclax + / − anti-CD20 3/22), No tx 54/92

52/52

Median: 0.824 U/mL (IQR 0.4–167.3, including 155 U/mL (IQR 7.6–490.3))

Median: 1084 U/mL (IQR 128.9–1879)

Agha

Anti-RBD IgG antibody assays

Reactive results confirmed by the Siemens SARS-CoV-2 Total Ig Assay, which detects both IgM and IgG antibodies against RBD 35 of the S1 subunit of the Spike protein

Median 23 days (IQR 16–31) after second vaccination

–

–

–

–

36/67 (CLL 3/13, Lymphoma 11/21, MM 19/29, AML/CML 3/4) Active tx 15/30, No tx 21/37 BNT162b2: 15/34, mRNA-1273: 16/28

–

Responders: Median antibody level: 14.42 (IQR 3.31–25.58), Non-responders: Median antibody level: 0.03

–

Roeker

DiaSorin Liaison® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay

Median 21 days (range 14–48) after second vaccination

–

–

–

–

23/44 (CLL) Active tx 6/26 (BTKinh 3/14, anti-CD20 2/14, venetoclax/anti-CD20 0/7), No tx 17/18

–

NA

–

Thakkar

Abbott AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II chemiluminescent immunoassay

Solid cancers: median 31.5 days after final vaccination, hematological cancers: median 28.5 days after final vaccination, Controls: median 30 days (IQR 19–53 days) after final vaccination

–

–

–

–

Total: 187/200 (Solid cancers 131/134, hematological cancers 56/66) Active tx 120/125 (Anti-CD20 16/23, SCT 19/26, CAR-T 0/3, Hormonal tx 47/47, ICI 30/31), No tx 55/59 BNT162b2: 109/115, mRNA-1273: 58/62, Ad26.COV2.S: 17/20

26/26

BNT162b2: Median 5173 AU/mL (SD 16,699), mRNA-1273: Median 11,963 AU/mL (SD 18,742), Ad26.COV2.S: Median 1121 AU/mL (SD 17,571)

NA

Palich

Abbott Elity SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), Roche Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 total Ig electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA), or other immunoassays

Cases: Median 25 days (IQR 21–29) after second vaccination, Controls: Median 8 days (IQR 7–14) after second vaccination

–

–

–

–

210/223

49/49

Roche median: 252 UA/mL

Abbott median: 4443 U/ML

Roche median: 2517 UA/mL

Abbott median: 13,285 U/mL

Chowdhury

Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant Assay for anti-S titers

Cases: median 34 days (IQR 28–56) after first vaccination, Controls: > 14 days after first vaccination

Total: 34/59 CML 9/12, ET 11/17, PV 5/11, MF 4/7, MDS 6/13 Active tx 27/47 (IFN 7/8, Ruxolitinib 0/4, Hydroxycarbamide 4/11), No tx 7/12 BNT162b2: 12/22 ADZ122: 22/37

224/232

Median: 75 AU/mL (IQR 19–328)

Median: 630 AU/mL (IQR 284–1328)

–

–

–

–

Diefenbach

Multiplex bead–binding assay

2 weeks (± 1 week) after the first vaccination and 6 weeks (± 2 weeks) after the second or single dose vaccination

–

–

–

–

25/53 Active tx 14/38 (BTKinh 4/10, Anti-CD20 6/24, Chemotx 4/4), No tx 11/15

5/5

NA

Healthy vaccinated controls mean RBD IgG: 1.03 × 10⁵

Convalescent vaccinated controls mean RBD IgG: 5.29 × 10⁴

Terpos

GenScript cPass SARS-CoV-2 NAbs Detection Kit

22 days after first vaccination

15/59

186/283

Median NAb inhibition titer: 22% (IQR 13.4–30.2%)

Median NAb inhibition titer: 38% (IQR 23–54%)

–

–

–

–

Harrington 2

Anti-S IgG ELISA

Median 21 days (IQR 21–21) after first vaccination

Total: 16/21 ET 8/8, MF 6/8, PV ¼ Active tx 12/14 (IFN 4/4, Ruxolitinib 4/6, Hydroxycarbamide 4/4), No tx 4/7

–

Median anti-S IgG EC50: 239 (IQR 25–4544)

–

–

–

–

–

Pimpinelli

DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA)

21 and 35 days after first vaccination

35/92 (MM 9/42, MPM 26/50)

19/36

Multiple myeloma: Geometric mean concentration 7.5 AU/mL (95% CI 5.6–10.4) MPM: Geometric mean concentration 16.2 AU/mL (95% CI 11.7–22.3)

Geometric mean concentration: 17.1 AU/mL (95% CI 12.0–24.1)

77/92 (MM 33/42, MPM 44/50) Daratumumab-based 7/14, PI/IMid based 26/28

36/36

Multiple myeloma: Geometric mean concentration 106.7 AU/mL (95% CI 62.3–179.7) MPM: Geometric mean concentration 172.9 AU/mL (95% CI 106.5–257.0)

Geometric mean concentration: 353.3 AU/mL (95% CI 255.6–470.0)

Addeo

Roche Diagnostics Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2S immunoassay for antibodies (including IgG) to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD)

Median 24 days (Range 22 – 24) after second vaccination

98/121 (Solid cancers 80/96, hematological cancers 18/25) Active tx 60/77 (Kinase inh 13/15, Anti-CD20 0/4, Chemotx 20/29, ICI 11/13), No tx 38/44 BNT162b2: 24/29, mRNA-1273: 74/92

–

–

Median 32 U/mL (IQR 2–105)

–

116/123 (Solid cancers 99/101, hematological cancers 17/22) Active tx 72/78 (Kinase inh 12/13, Anti-CD20 0/4, Chemotx 28/30, ICI 13/14), No tx 44/45 BNT162b2: 28/30, mRNA-1273: 88/93

–

Median 2500 U/mL (IQR 438–2500)

–

Barrière

Roche Diagnostics Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay

3–4 weeks and 6–8 weeks after baseline

58/122 Chemotx 45/105, targeted tx 13/17

13/13

Median 0.52 UI/mL (range 0–1962)

Median: 21.6 UI/mL (range 3.26–723.2)

40/42

24/24

Median: 245.2 UI/mL (range 0–5467)

Median: 2517 UI/mL (range 157.6–6318.0)

Massarweh

Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay

Cases: median 38 days (IQR 32–43) after second vaccination, Controls: median 40 days (32–4) after second vaccination

–

–

–

–

92/102 Women’s cancers 6/9, Urological cancers 7/8, Brain 9/9, Thoracic cancers 24/26, Gastrointestinal cancers 25/29, Other 12/12

78/78

Median: 1931 AU/mL (IQR 509–4386)

Median: 7160 AU/mL (IQR 3129–11,241)