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Table 1 Summary of cancer types and their associations with disrupted rhythms

From: Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials

Cancer types

Disrupted rhythms

Promotion/inhibition

References

Breast cancer/prostate cancer

Shiftwork-induced disruption of sleep–wake cycles

Promotion

[49,50,51,52]

Excessive calories-induced disruption of eating–fasting cycles

Promotion

[53, 54]

Fasting-induced disruption of eating–fasting cycles

Inhibition

[140] [151]

Exercise-induced disruption of activity–rest cycles

Inhibition

[183, 207,208,209,210]

Colorectal cancer

Short-term fasting-induced disruption of eating–fasting cycles

Inhibition

[149,150,151]

Maintenance of activity–rest cycles

Inhibition

[55, 56]

Per2 mutation-induced disruption of circadian clock

Promotion

[57]

Lung cancer

Per2 mutation-induced disruption of circadian clock

Promotion

[23]

Fasting-induced disruption of eating–fasting cycles

Inhibition

[383]

Exercise-induced disruption of activity–rest cycles

Inhibition

[412]

Liver cancer

Per1/2 mutation or Bmal1 deletion-induced disruption of circadian clock

Promotion

[60]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Fasting-induced disruption of eating–fasting cycles

Inhibition

[167]

T cell lymphomas

Cry1/2 or Rorc deletion-induced disruption of circadian clock

Promotion

[60, 61]

Glioma

Fasting-induced disruption of eating–fasting cycles

Inhibition

[141]

Pancreatic cancer

Fasting-induced disruption of eating–fasting cycles

Inhibition

[166]

Exercise-induced disruption of activity–rest cycles

Inhibition

[426]