Fig. 2

F-AgNPs mediated cell membrane antigen modification and transfer. a Schematic diagram of F-AgNPs mediated antigen modification onto tumor cells, and flow cytometry histograms of tumor cells without treatment (grey), incubated with FAM-F-AgNPs (green) or incubated with F-AgNPs followed by detection by PE-anti-EvIII mAb (red). b Localization of antigen peptides modified by F-AgNPs on tumor cells MGC803 (upper) and MKN45 (lower). Nucleus: DAPI (blue); antigen peptide: FAM (green); plasma membrane: DiI (red). Scale bar represents 50 μm. c Analysis of the dosage-effect relationship of F-AgNPs mediated antigen modification on tumor cells. d Flow cytometric analysis of stability of F-AgNPs mediated antigen modification over the culture periods. Data represent mean ± s.e.m., n = 3. e, f Representative images (e) and quantitative analysis (f) of F-AgNPs mediated antigen modification efficiency on gastric cancer cells, MKN45 and MGC803, and normal cells, GES-1, NIH-3T3, HUVEC and HMrV5 cells. Nucleus: DAPI (blue); antigen peptide: FAM (green). Scale bar represents 100 μm. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 3. A one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. ns not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. g Confocal images of HGC27 spheroids to assess penetration capacity of DiI delivered by NF-NPs, P-NPs or F-AgNPs. Scale bars, 250 μm