Emerging role of RNA sensors in tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy

Table 1 Summary of RNA sensors

RNA sensors	Ligands	Cell distribution	Subcellular localization	References
TLR3	Virus genome dsRNA	Myeloid cells, antigen-presenting cells, cancer cells	Endosomes	[2, 5, 6]
TLR7	Guanosine ssRNA	Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, cancer cells	Endosomes	[5, 7, 37,38,39,40,41,42]
TLR8	Uridine ssRNA	Monocytes, macrophage, dendritic cells, cancer cells	Endosomes	[5, 7, 45, 51]
RIG-I	5’-triphosphate RNA (3pRNA)	Intestinal epithelial cells, astrocytes, cancer cells	Cytosol, nucleus	[2, 5, 12,13,14, 56,57,58,59]
MDA5	Longer dsRNA	Intestinal epithelial cells, cancer cells	Cytosol	[2, 5, 12, 58, 59]
LGP2	dsRNA	Dendritic cells, cancer cells	Cytosol	[2, 5, 69]
NOD2	Viral genomic ssRNA	Hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells	Cytosol	[5, 70, 71]

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