Fig. 3

Modeling the immune microenvironment in a coculture system of tumoroids and immune cells. Two approaches have been developed to coculturing organoids and immune cells: maintenance and expansion of native immune cells in tumoroids and addition of immune cells to organoid culture. Immune cells can be obtained from the ALI culture system. Tumoroids are embedded in a collagen gel with one side exposed to air and the other side in contact with the liquid culture medium. Cocultures of tumoroids and immune cells may promote the prediction and evaluation of individual tumor responses to clinically used immunotherapies