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Fig. 5 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 5

From: Reshaping the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors

Fig. 5

Therapy induced changes in STIE and TIME. The top panel is a simple schema of “cold” and “hot” tumors, and that PD-1 inhibitor is only effective in “hot” tumor. The 3 lower panels illustrate the transformation of the immune environment from the inactive status to the active status through reshaping STIE and TIME by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and precision medicine therapy (like targeted therapy). In the left part, PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy is less effective as the local TIME is cold. In the right part, after receiving various types of therapy, the TIME becomes hot. Meanwhile, more activated immune cells such as CD8+ T cells appear in the STIE. PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy can combine with all these therapies to improve the effectiveness of treatment. Multiple immune cells and immune cell-associated factors are involved in this process [153, 154]. STIE: Systemic Tumor Immune Environment; TIME: Tumor Immune Microenvironment

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