Compound | Target | Combined therapy | Potential metabolic pathway | Outcomes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) +  Apatinib(VEGF inhibitor) | Advanced CRC | PhaseI/II | Apatinib suppresses glycolysis by inhibiting GLUT4/glucose uptake [339, 344] | Recruiting | NCT04067986 |
Camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) +  Apatinib(VEGF inhibitor) | dMMR/MSI-H CRC | Phase II | Recruiting | NCT04715633 | |
Durvalumab(anti-PD-L1) +  Trametinib(MEK inhibitor) | MSS mCRC | Phase II | Trametinib can inhibit glycolysis through PKM2/c-myc axis [340, 345], reduce F-FDG uptake [346], inhibit glycolytic level in BRAF melanoma cells [347] | Active, not recruiting | NCT03428126 |
Nivolumab(anti-PD-1) + Trametinib (MEK inhibitor)  ± Ipilimumab(anti-CTLA4) | mCRC | PhaseI/II | Recruiting | NCT03377361 | |
PDR001(anti-PD-1) + Trametinib (MEK inhibitor)  + Dabrafenib (Raf inhibitor) | mCRC with BRAF V600E mutation | Phase II | Recruiting | NCT03668431 | |
PDR001(anti-PD-1) + Everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) | CRC | Phase I | Completed | NCT02890069 | |
Y-90(radioembolization) + SBRT + Durvalumab(anti-PD-L1) ± Tremelimumab(anti-CTLA4) | CRLM | Phase I | Yttrium-90-radioembolization can inhibit tumor glycolysis and decrease TLG (total lesion glycolysis) measured by F-FDG PET-CT [350,351,352] | Withdrawn | NCT03802747 |
Y-90(radioembolization) + Nivolumab(anti-PD-1) | CRLM | PhaseI/II | Withdrawn | NCT03307603 | |
Y-90(radioembolization) + Durvalumab(anti-PD-L1) | CRLM | PhaseI/II | Recruiting | NCT04108481 |