Fig. 3
MSA-2 promoted classical activation of macrophage and altered the cytokine/chemokine panel in the TME. a–c STING pathway-associated cytokine detection. Unactivated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were cultured with MSA-2 for one day, and the levels of cytokines in the supernatant were detected. IFN-β was measured by ELISA assays; TNF-α and IL-6 were determined by multiplex fluorescence-encoded beads; and cell viability was assessed by AO/PI staining. d–e FACS for classical activation markers. Unactivated BMDMs were cultured with MSA-2 for one day and collected for CD86 and H-2Kd detection. f FACS for PD-L1 detection. g–l Multiplex fluorescence-encoded beads for proinflammatory chemokine detection. Unactivated BMDMs were treated with MSA-2 for one day, and supernatants were collected for cytokine detection. m Tumor-bearing mice were treated with a single dose of 50 mg/kg MSA-2 when tumor volume reached 300 mm3. Six hours after MSA-2 treatment, tumors were collected for intratumoral cytokine and chemokine detection. *p < 0.05 means the significant difference compared to the vehicle