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Fig. 3 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 3

From: The emerging role of pyroptosis in pediatric cancers: from mechanism to therapy

Fig. 3

The canonical and noncanonical pathway of pyroptosis. In the canonical pathway, PRRs like TLRs and NLRs recognize intracellular and extracellular signals such as DAMPs and PAMPs; then, they assemble with pro-caspase-1 and ASC to form inflammasomes and active caspase-1. Afterward, GSDMD and pro-IL-1β/18 are cleaved into N-GSDMD and IL-1β/18. N-GSDMD perforates the cell membrane by forming nonselective pores, and IL-1β and IL-18 are secreted from the pores, eventually resulting in cell swelling and lysis. In the noncanonical pathway, cytosolic LPS activates caspase-4/5 in human and caspase-11 in mice, respectively. Then, with a process of GSDMD cleavage, cell membrane pores formation, and osmotic cell lysis, pyroptosis is forming. Additionally, the activated caspase-11 can cleave pannexin-1, resulting in the release of ATP and P2X7-mediated pyroptotic cell death

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