Fig. 2

Summary of pyroptosis mediated by different cellular mechanisms. A Pyroptosis induced by the TNF-α/TRADD pathway and the mechanism of pyroptosis induced by granzymes A and B. B Chemotherapy and CAR-T therapy induce cell death mediated by nonclassical pyroptotic pathways. C Interactions of PAMPs and DAMPs with pattern recognition receptors on the cell surface trigger the classical pyroptotic pathway, leading to the release of HMGB1, IL-1β, and IL-18. (Gzm A: Granzyme A; Gzm B: Granzyme B; PRRs: pattern recognition receptors; PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns; GSDMD-CT: GSDMD-C-terminus; and GSDME-CT: GSDME-C-terminus.)