The evolution of acute lymphoblastic leukemia research and therapy at MD Anderson over four decades

Table 3 Relapsed/refractory Ph-negative ALL

Study	Agent	N	Median age (range), years	Complete remission, %	MRD negativity, %	Overall survival, % (x-year)/Median (months)
INO-VATE [151]	Inotuzumab	164	47 (18–78)	74	71^∆	20.3 (3-year)/7.7
TOWER [15]	Blinatumomab	271	41 (18–80)	34	76^∆∆	NA/7.7
ELIANA [129]	Tisagenlecleucel	97*	11 (3–24)	66	98^∆	55** (5-year)/NA
KTE-X19 [131]	Brexucabtagene autoleucel	71***	40 (28–52)	44	97^∆	NA/25.4
MDACC [124]	Mini-Hyper-CVD-Inotuzumab	67	34 (17–87)	60	82^∆	34 (3-year)/14
MDACC [123]	Mini-Hyper-CVD-Inotuzumab-Blinatumomab	45	42 (18–79)	67	85^∆	55 (3-year)/37

MRD measurable residual disease, NA not available
^∆MRD negativity assessed by multicolor multiparameter flow cytometry at a sensitivity of 10⁻⁴
^∆∆MRD negativity assessed by either multicolor multiparameter flow cytometry or RT-PCR at a sensitivity of 10⁻⁴
*79 infused; **among 66 patients in complete remission; ***55 infused

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