Fig. 4

TI-Neu cells are a major source of LCN2 in wasting tissues in lung cancer cachexia. A. Mice were inoculated with LLC cells to induce cachexia. Proportions of neutrophils, macrophages, and MDSCs in the eWAT, iWAT, and Gast were assessed. n = 6 per group. B. Proportions of neutrophils, macrophages, and MDSCs in the eWAT, iWAT, and Gast of PDX-induced cachectic model mice and non-model control mice. n = 6 per group. C. MFI values for LCN2 in the TI-Neu cells, macrophages, and MDSCs of the eWAT, iWAT, and Gast. n = 6 per group. D. Flow cytometry LCN2 MFI values in the TI-Neu cells, macrophages, and MDSCs of the eWAT, iWAT, and Gast of PDX-induced cachectic model mice and control mice. n = 6 per group. E–F. Mice were inoculated with LLC cells and the tissues were harvested on day 21. Adipocytes, TI-Neu cells, and macrophages were purified from the eWAT. E. Western blotting for LCN2 in purified adipocytes, TI-Neu cells, and macrophages. F. LCN2 concentrations in the supernatants of purified adipocytes, TI-Neu cells, and macrophages (cultured in medium for 18 h). Adi, adipocyte. Mφ, macrophage. G. Proportions and absolute numbers of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients with (n = 34) or without (n = 34) cachexia, and healthy controls (n = 32). H. MFI values for LCN2 in neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, T cells, and B cells obtained from the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients with cachexia (n = 26). I. Negative correlation between the number of neutrophils and BMI, and positive correlation between the number of neutrophils and the LCN2 level. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA (F–H) or unpaired Student’s t-tests (A–D)