From: The functional and clinical roles of liquid biopsy in patient-derived models
Tumor type | Stage | CTC counts (/7.5Â ml) and enumeration method | Enrichment and characterization | Injection procedure | Mice | Number | Success rate | Passage | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BC | Metastatic luminal |  > 1109 EpCAM + (CellSearch) | Purified by FACS (PI-CD45-EpCAM +) after depletion of hematopoietic cells using the RosetteSep kit | Injection in femoral medullar cavity | NSG | 6 CDXs | 5% | N/A | [45] |
Metastatic triple-negative | 969 CTCs EpCAM + (CellSearch) | Density gradient centrifugation: Histopaque® | Subcutaneous injection/orthotopic injection | NUDE/Scid Beige | 1 CDX line | 3% | Piece of tumor explant or injection of explant culture | [41] | |
Triple-negative | N/A | By FACS (CD45/CD34/CD105/CD90/CD73 −) | Intracardiac injection | NSG | 1 CDX line | N/A | Minced metastatic liver tissue | [48] | |
Metastatic luminal | N/A | Parsortix | Orthotopic injection | NSG | 1 CDX | N/A | N/A | [49] | |
SCLC | Metastatic |  > 400 EpCAM + (CellSearch) | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 4 CDX lines | 67% | Tumor fragments | [38] |
N/A | N/A | CTC-iChip or RosetteSep Ficoll | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 5 CDX lines | 38% | Tumor fragments | [39] | |
N/A | 0–49 (67%) > 49 (33%) EpCAM + (CellSearch) | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 38 CDX lines | 17% | Tumor fragments | [46] | |
Extensive-stage | N/A | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 8 CDX lines | N/A | Tumor fragments | [50] | |
NSCLC | N/A |  > 150 CD45/CD144/vimentin/CK (FACS) | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 1 CDX line | 100% | Disaggregation of tumor | [40] |
Non-metastatic | N/A | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 2 CDXs | 20% | N/A | [51] | |
 | Advanced | 693 on average with a median of 9 EpCAM + (CellSearch) | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 3 CDXs | 7.3% | Tumor fragments | [52] |
LUAD | Stage IIa | CTC-TJH-01 cell line | Microfluidic Herringbone-Chip and immunomagnetic microbeads | Tail vein injection | NOD/SCID | 1 CDX | N/A | N/A | [53] |
Melanoma | Stage III or stage IV | N/A | By multi-parametric flow sorting (CD45-/CD34-/CD90-/CD73-/CD105-cells) and validation by FACS (S100 and Melan-A) | Injection into the left ventricle | NSG | 8 CDXs | 100% | N/A | [43] |
Stage IV | N/A | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 7 CDXs | 15% | N/A | [54] | |
HCC | Advanced | N/A | Purified by FACS (EpCAM + /CD45 −) after depletion of PBMCs | Subcutaneous injection | NOD/SCID | 3 CDXs | 50% | N/A | [42] |
Colon Cancer | N/A | CTC-MCC-41 cell line | RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | SCID | 1 CDX | N/A | N/A | [55] |
PCa | Metastatic | N/A | By FACS (CD45-) after depletion of PBMCs | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | N/A | N/A | N/A | [44] |
Metastatic castration resistant | 19,988 CTCs xenografted in total EpCAM + (CellSearch) | DLA + RosetteSep | Subcutaneous injection | NSG | 1 CDX line | 14% | Tumor fragments | [56] | |
BC and PCa | Metastatic | 50 to 3000 EpCAM+ (CellSearch) | CellSearch (EpCAM+) | Subcutaneous injection | NOD/SCID | 8 CDXs | 100% | N/A | [37] |