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Table 4 Analyzing cfDNA and ctDNA in PDX and PDO models

From: The functional and clinical roles of liquid biopsy in patient-derived models

Tumor type

Model

Mice

Sample

Isolation

Analysis

Application

References

GB

PDX

rnu/rnu athymic nude rats

Plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and urine

QIAamp circulating nucleic acids kit

dPCR

Shallow WGS

Early screening and diagnosis

[76]

Ewing sarcoma

PDX

NSG mice

Plasma

Qiagen circulating nucleic acid kit

ddPCR

Early screening and diagnosis

[80]

CTCL

PDX

NSG mice

Plasma

NucleoSpin plasma kit

qPCR

Drug testing

[79]

CTCL

PDX

NSG mice

Plasma

NucleoSpin Plasma XS kit

qPCR

Drug testing; Tumor burden monitor

[81]

pRCC

PDX

RAG2−/−γC−/−mice

Plasma

QIAamp DSP virus spin kit

qPCR

Drug testing

[85]

HGSC

PDX

NOD mice

Plasma

Qiagen investigator kit

Shallow WGS

Tumor burden and response monitor

[86]

Pancreatic cancer

PDO

N/A

Supernatant

QIAamp ultrasens virus kit

ddPCR

NGS

Molecular profiling and drug testing

[84]

BC

PDX

SCID/Beige mice

Plasma and serum

Quick-cfDNA Serum & Plasma Kit

qRT-PCR

Novel PDX model evaluation

[87]

  1. CfDNA, cell free DNA; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; GB, glioblastoma; CTCL, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma; HGSC, high-grade serous ovarian cancer; BC, breast cancer; NOD, non-obese diabetic; NSG, NOD scid gamma; SCID, severe combined immunodeficient; N/A, not available; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; dPCR, digital PCR; ddPCR, droplet digital PCR; qPCR, quantitative PCR; qRT-PCR, quantitative real time PCR; WGS, whole genome sequencing; NGS, next-generation sequencing