Table 5 Analyzing EV and its contents in PDX and PDO models
From: The functional and clinical roles of liquid biopsy in patient-derived models
Tumor type | Model | Mice | Sample | Subjects | Isolation | Analysis | Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCC | PDX | Nude mice | Plasma | EV and miRNA | TRIzol reagent for total RNA | HiSeq Rapid SR Cluster Kit V2; qRT-PCR | Diagnositic biomarker | [89] |
SCLC | CDX | NSG mice | Plasma | miRNA | miRNeasy kit | qRT-PCR; Human TaqMan Low Density Arrays | Tumor burden monitoring | [90] |
AML | PDX | NSG mice | Plasma | Exosome | Mini size-exclusion chromatography | Hunable resistive pulse sensing; Pierce BCA protein assay kit; Transmission electron microscopy | Mechanism of immune suppression | [88] |
BC | PDX | NOD/SCID and NSG mice | Plasma | miRNA | Exoquick reagent | qRT-PCR | Potential screening biomarkers | [91] |
DLBCL | PDX | NSG mice | Serum | miRNA | QIAgen miRNeasy Mini Kit | cDNA generation and ddPCR | Tumor classification | [92] |
PDAC | PDX | NOD-SCID mice | Serum | EV | Centrifugation | Far-field nanoplasmon-enhanced scattering assay | Tumor burden monitoring | [93] |
AML | PDX | NSG mice | Plasma | EV | Ultracentrifugation | High-resolution microscopy NGS for miRNA | Tumor burden monitoring | [94] |
HGSC | PDX | NSG mice | Serum | Protein | N-glycopeptide enrichment | Shotgun proteomics | Potential biomarkers | [95] |
PDAC | PDO | N/A | Supernatants | Protein | Ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography | LC–MS/MS | Potential biomarkers | [96] |
BC | PDO | N/A | Culture media | miRNA | miRNeasy Serum/Plasma mini kit (Qiagen) | qRT-PCR | Drug testing | [97] |
CRC | PDO | N/A | Supernatants | EV | Centrifugation and ultracentrifugation | Anti-CD81-coated beads | Mechanism of tumorigenesis | [98] |
PDAC | PDO | N/A | Serum-free conditioned media | EV | Centrifugation and ultracentrifugation | Anti-CD63 or anti-CD81-coated beads | Potential biomarkers of high cell proliferation rate | [99] |
CRA | PDO | N/A | Conditioned media | miRNA | Ultracentrifugation for EVs miRNeasy Mini Kit for miRNAs | Microarray analysis; qRT-PCR | Diagnostic biomarkers | [100] |
PDAC | PDX PXO | Foxn1/Nu | Serum-free conditioned media | protein | Total Exosome Isolation Reagent | LC–MS/MS | Potential screening biomarkers | [101] |
CRC | PDO | N/A | Conditioned media | EV | Centrifugation and ultracentrifugation | Anti-CD63 or anti-CD81-coated beads | Potential biomarkers of high cell proliferation rate | [102] |