Germ layer | Cells | Methods | Efficiency (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mesoderm | Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes | OSKM/retrovirus | 0.002 | [[2]] |
hASCs | OSKM/lentivirus | 0.4 | [[42]] | |
hASCs | OSKM + VPA + Vc/retrovirus | 7.06 | [[32]] | |
hASCs | OSNL cassette/minicircle DNA | ~0.005 | [[39]] | |
Immature B lymphocytes of mouse iPS chimeras | Carry dox-inducible OSKM retroviruses already | - | [[56]] | |
Mature B lymphocytes of mouse in the iPS chimeras | Carry dox-inducible OSKM retroviruses already + C/EBPalpha) or Pax 5 knockdown | 1/30 |  | |
Terminally differentiated T lymphocytes of p53-null mouse | OSKM/retrovirus | 0.00015 | [[30]] | |
G-CSF mobilized human CD34+ PBCs | OSKM/retrovirus | 0.01 ~ 0.02 | [[47]] | |
0.002 | ||||
Human CB-derived ECs | OSNL/lentivirus | 0.01 ~ 0.03 | [[50]] | |
Mouse BW progenitor cells | OSKM/retrovirus | 0.00002 ~ 0.00006 | [[49]] | |
Human CD133+ CB cells | OSKM,OSK,OS/retrovirus | 0.002 ~ 0.007(OSK) | [[57]] | |
Human PBMCs (T cell and myeloid cell) | OSKM polycistronic expression cassette/dox-inducible lentivirus | 0.001 ~ 0.0002 | [[51]] | |
Human PB CD34+ cells | OSKM/two rounds of lentiviral infection | 0.002 | [[52]] | |
Human T cell in PBMCs | 0.0008 ~ 0.001 | |||
Human and murine CMCs and periosteal membrane | pMX-OSKM cDNA/retrovirus + Vc + VPA | higher than UMCs | [[32]] | |
Human UMCs | pMX-OSKM cDNA/retrovirus + Vc + VPA | 0.4 | [[33]] | |
Human AMCs | 0.1 | |||
Oral mucosa fibroblasts | OSKM/retrovirus | 0.022 | [[58]] | |
Endoderm | Mouse liver and stomach cells | OSKM/retrovirus | _ | [[59]] |
Mouse pancreatic β cells | OSKM/inducible lentivirus | 0.1 ~ 0.2 | [[60]] | |
HUCs | Retroviral pMX vectors containing the cDNAs of mouse OSKM | 0.1 ~ 4 | [[53]] | |
HUCs | OSK + SV40LT + MIR302–367/EV electroporation | 0.2 | [[54]] | |
Human nasal epithelial cells | OSKM/SeV | 0.08 ~ 0.10 | [[61]] | |
Human dental pulp cells | OSK/retrovirus | 0.01 ~ 0.10 | [[62]] | |
Ectoderm | Mouse NSCs | OSKM/retrovirus | 3.6 | [[63]] |
Oct4 with either Klf4 or c-Myc/retrovirus | 0.11 | Â | ||
Oct4/retrovirus | 0.014 | [[64]] | ||
Mouse meningiocytes | pMX of OSKM-cDNAs/retroviral | 0.8 | [[65]] | |
Human keratinocytes | OSKM/retrovirus | 1 | [[45]] | |
 | OSKM/a single polycistronic retrovirus | - | [[29]] | |
Mouse and human melanocytes | OKM or OKS/dox-inducible lentivirus | 0.19 | [[66]] | |
Human DP cells from hair follicles | OSKM/pMX-based retrovirus | 1.38 | [[46]] | |
OK/pMX-based retrovirus | 0.024 | Â | ||
Chimeras | Cells of mouse iPS-cell chimeras | OSKM/dox-inducible polycistronic lentiviruses | _ | [[67]] |