New development in CAR-T cell therapy

Table 2 Strategies for enhancing safety of CAR-T cells in solid tumors

Strategy			Phase	Reference
Enhancing selectivity of CAR	Selecting safer antigen	Tumor-specific antigen	Clinical trial	[19]
		Aberrantly glycosylated antigens	Preclinical research	[57]
		TCR-like CAR	Preclinical research	[60–62]
	Combinatorial antigen targeting	Complementary signaling	Preclinical research	[64, 65]
		SynNotch/CAR circulation	Preclinical research	[68]
		iCAR	Preclinical research	[70]
	Turning sensitivity of scFv	Turning the affinity	Preclinical research	[74, 75]
	Masked CAR		Preclinical research	[78]
Control CAR-T cell activity	Limiting CAR expression	Transient mRNA CAR	Clinical trial	[17, 18]
	Switchable CAR-T cell	Dimerizing small molecules	Preclinical research	[84, 85]
	Switchable CAR-T cell	Tumor targeting antibody	Preclinical research	[86, 88, 90]
	Suicide gene	iCasp9	Clinical trial	[92]
	Suicide gene	Antibody-mediated depletion	Clinical trial	[5, 9]

CAR chimeric antigen receptor, CAR-T cell chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell, TCR T cell receptor, scFv single-chain variable fragment, SynNotch synthetic Notch receptors, iCAR inhibitory chimeric antigen receptor, iCasp9 inducible caspase-9

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