Checkpoint inhibitors in hematological malignancies

Table 2 Potential predictive and prognostic biomarker evaluation and technologies

Technology	Target cells/tissue	Purpose	Reference
Immunohistochemistry	FFPE tissue	Analysis of protein expression in tumor cells Immune cell profiling in TME	[11, 157]
Flow cytometry	Blood, fresh/frozen tumor tissue	Analysis of different subsets of immune cells	[141]
ELISA	Blood	Analysis of cytokine Chemokine and antibodies against tumor-specific antigen	[162]
Enzyme-linked immunospot	Blood	Quantification of T or B cells, Analysis of cytokine and chemokine	[158]
Protein microarray	Blood	Analysis of antibody signature	[159]
Gene expression profiling	Blood, fresh/frozen/FFPE tumor tissue	Analysis of gene signatures in tumor/immune cells	[145]
TCR deep sequencing	Blood	T cell receptor profiling	[160]
NGS (WES, RNA-seq)	Fresh/FFPE tissue	Mutational load Prediction of immunogenecity of tumor neoantigens	[92, 143]
Epigenomics	Blood, fresh/frozen/FFPE tumor tissue	Analysis of immune cell specific epigenetic changes	[161]

FFPE formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, TME tumor microenvironment, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, NGS next-generation sequencing, WES whole exome sequencing

ISSN: 1756-8722