Table 1 Selective RIG-I agonists and their effects on tumorigenesis
From: Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy
Name | Property | Target | Sequences | Effects on tumorigenesis | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/ | Hairpin RNA | RIG-I | 5′-pppGCGCUAUCCAGCUUACGUAGAG CUCUACGUAAGCUG GAUAGCGC-3′ | Activation of RIG-I in melanoma cells in vitro | [117] |
SLR14 | Stem-loop RNA | RIG-I | 5′-pppGGAUCGAUCGUUCGCGAUCGAU CGAUCC-3′ | Potent antitumor effect in immunogenic or poorly immunogenic melanoma | [119] |
/ | ssRNA | RIG-I | 5′-pppGGGGCUGACCCUGAAGUUCAUC UU-3′ | Not determined | [120] |
/ | ssRNA | RIG-I | 5′-pppGGGGAUGAACUUCAGGGUCAGC UU-3′ | Not determined | [120] |
Poly-U/UC | ssRNA | RIG-I | 5′-pppGGCCAUCCUG(U7)CCC(U11)C (U34)CUCC(U9)CCUC(U7)CC(U4)CUUUCCUUU-3′ | Not determined | [121] |
/ | dsRNA | RIG-I | Sense: 5′-pppGCGCUAUCCAGCUUACGU AG-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppCUACGUAAGCUGGAU AGCGC-3′ | Significant local and systemic antitumor effects and survival benefits in murine B16-F10 melanoma model; sensitization of AML to anti-PD1 antibody | [117] [122] |
RN7SL1 | ncRNA | RIG-I | 5′-GCCGGGCGCGGUGGCGCGUGCCUGU AGUCCCAGCUACUCGGGAGGCUGAGGCUGGAGGAUCGCUUGAGUCCAGGAGUUCUGGGCUGUAGUGCGCUAUGCCGAUCGGGUGUCCGCACUAAGUUCGGCAUCAAUAUGGUGACCUCCCGGGAGCGGGGGACCACCAGGUUGCCUAAGGAGGGGUGAACCGGCCCAGGUCGGAAACGGAGCAGGUCAAAACUCCCGUGCUGAUCAGUAGUGGGAUCGCGCCUGUGAAUAGCCACUGCACUCCAGCCUGGGCAACAUAGCGAGACCCCGUCUCU-3′ | Activation of RIG-I in breast cancer cells by RN7SL1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis; delivery of RN7SL1 by CAR-T cells inhibits B16 melanoma growth when combined with peptide vaccine or immune checkpoint blockade | [27] [123] [124] |
M8 | dsRNA | RIG-I | Sense: 5′-pppGAAAUUAAUACGACUCAC UAUAGACGAAGACCACAAAACCAGAU(A26)UAA(U26)AUCUGGUUUUGUGGUCUUCGUC-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppGACGAAGACCACAAAA CCAGAU(A26)UUA(U26)AUCUGGUUUUGUGGUCUUCGUCUAUAGUGAGUCGUAUUAAUUUC-3′ | Induction of IFN-I-dependent melanoma cell death and stimulation of the phagocytic potential of dendritic cells | [125] |
/ | dsRNA | RIG-I | Sense: 5′-pppUCAAACAGUCCUCGCAUG CCUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppGCAUGCGAGGACUGUU UGACUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′ | Complete regression of pre-established B16 melanoma when combined with ovalbumin vaccine and anti-CTLA4 antibody | [126] |
3p-siBCL2 | Bifunctional siRNA | MurineBCL2 RIG-I | Sense: 5′-pppUCAAACAGAGGUCGCAUG CCUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′ Antisense: 5′-pppGCAUGCGACCUCUGUU UGACUAUAGUGAGUCG-3′ | Significant antitumor efficacy in melanoma and colon carcinoma models; | [127] |