Fig. 4
From: Small RNA modifications: regulatory molecules and potential applications
The m5C modification in small noncoding RNAs. A. The chemical structure of cytosine and the site of methylation on C5 are both shown alongside the relevant enzymes (writers, eraser and readers). B. The m5C modification in vtRNA. The m5C modification of vtRNA catalyzed by NSUN2 affects cleavage by Dicer, resulting in persistence of svRNA4 products and a relative decrease in svRNA1, svRNA2 and svRNA3 (↓ denotes downregulation, while ↑ denotes upregulation). C. The m5C modification in miRNAs. Nsun2-mediated m5C modification in miRNA can interfere with the formation of miRNA;mRNA pairing, resulting in the loss of miRNA-mediated gene silencing activity. D. The m5C modification in tRNA. DNMT2-mediated m5C modification of tRNA can reduce the affinity of ANG to tRNA, leading to a reduction in tsRNA synthesis in cells