Fig. 6

Cytotoxicity of GAS6-CAR-T cells on pancreatic cancer patient-derived in vivo xenograft model. A Tumor volumes were monitored at the indicated time points (n = 3–4). NCG mice were subcutaneously implanted with pancreatic tumor tissues and received an infusion of T cells (1 × 10⁷ cells/mouse) at days 14 and 23. B DNA copies of Mock T cells and GAS6-CAR-T cells in peripheral blood of mice were determined by real-time PCR. The expression of target genes was normalized GAPDH. 50 μL of venous blood collected from tail veins was collected after (days 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52) injecting GAS6-CAR-T cells into mice (n = 3–4). C Immunohistochemistry analysis of COX IV in tumor (n = 3). D Co-immunofluorescence staining of AXL (green) and CK19 (red) was used to test the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells against AXL-positive tumor cells (n = 3). E Co-immunofluorescence staining of AXL (green) and CD68 (red) was used to test cytotoxic activity of CAR-T cells against AXL-positive tumor-associated macrophages (n = 3)