Table 1 Clinical presentation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET)
From: Evolving Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumor | Symptoms or signs | Incidence of metastases | Extrapancreatic location |
|---|---|---|---|
Insulinoma | Hypoglycemia resulting in intermittent confusion, sweating, weakness, nausea; loss of consciousness may occur in severe cases | <15% | Rare |
Glucagonoma | Rash (necrotizing migratory erythema), cachexia, diabetes, deep venous thrombosis | Majority | Rare |
VIPoma, Verner-Morrison Syndrome, WDHA Syndrome | Profound secretory diarrhea, electrolyte disturbances | Majority | 10% |
Gastrinoma, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome | Acid hypersecretion resulting in refractory peptic ulcer disease, abdominal pain, and diarrhea | <50% | Frequently in duodenum |
Somatostatinoma | Diabetes, diarrhea, cholelithiasis | Majority | Rare |
Non-functioning | May be first diagnosed due to mass effect | Majority | Rare |