Table 1 Overview of diseases associated with the mitochondrial proteome

Nervous system

Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Lovell MA.)

ICAT, 2D-LC/MS/MS

ATP synthase alpha chain

OXPHOS

Cells undergoing Aß -mediated apoptosis increase synthesis of proteins essential for ATP production and efflux to maintain metabolic functions.

Pyruvate kinase, M1 isozyme

glycolysis

Glyceraldehyde

3 phosphate dehydrogenase

energy production

Cofilin

control of actin polymerization/depolymerization

Na+/K + -transporting ATPase a-3 chain

ATP production

VDAC 1 and 3

apoptosis

Dihydropyrimidinase- related protein-1 (DRP-1)

axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration

Multiple sclerosis (MS) (Broadwater L.)

SELDI-TOF-MS

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5b (COX5b)

component of Complex IV of the electron transport chain

Proteins identified would be used as neuroprotective therapeutic targets for MS.

Hemoglobin β-chain

oxygen transport

Myelin basic protein (MBP)

component of the myelin membrane in the CNS

Creatine kinase (CKB)

creatine metabolic process

Neural degeneration (Pienaar IS.)

2DE, ESI-QUADTOF/MS

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)

folding

Alteration of mitochondrial function may contribute to the beneficial effects associated with statin use.

Heat shock proteins

protein assembly and folding

Dehydrogenase antiporter

transportation

Alpha-internexin (NF66)

cell differentiation, morphogenesis of neurons

Protein-tyrosine receptor type F polypeptide interacting protein (PTPRF)

cell adhesion receptor

Neuronal-specific enolase (NSE)

energy metabolism

Variation in ATP synthase, D chain

energy metabolism

Alpha-enolase-1 (ENO1)

glycolysis, growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins)

signal transduction

Cardiovascular system

Ischemia-induced cardiac injury (Kim N.)

2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS

Prohibitin

cell cycle

Proteomic analysis provides appropriate means for identifying cardiac markers for detection of ischemia-induced cardiac injury.

VDAC

apoptosis

Contractile dysfunction (Essop MF.)

2D-PAGE, ESI-Q-TOF

ATP synthase D chain

OXPHOS

Decreased contractile protein levels may contribute to the contractile dysfunction of hearts from diabetic mice.

Ubiquinol cytochrome-C reductase core protein 1

electron transport

Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit α

electron transport

Liver disease

Acetaminophen (APAP) affected the liver (Ruepp SU.)

2D-DIGE, MALDI-TOF-MS

HSP10 and HSP60

protein assembly and folding

APAP toxicity was a direct action of its known reactive metabolite NAPQI, rather than a consequence of gene regulation.

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 9, (GRP75)

transporters and channels

High-fat diet induces hepatic steatosis (Eccleston HB.)

2D-IEF/SDS-PAGE

uMUP-VIII major urinary protein

pheromone communication (only in rodents)

HFD causes steatosis, alters NO metabolism, and modifies the liver mitochondrial proteome, thus, NO may play an important role in the processes responsible for NAFLD.

Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase

cyanide detoxification, role in iron-sulfur centers, sulfane metabolism

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMG-CoA synthase)

catalyzes the condensation of acetoacetyl CoA and acetone step in ketogenesis

Succinate dehydrogenase subunit a (SDH-A)

catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, flavoprotein

ATP synthase F1 α and β subunits

OXPHOS

Skeletal muscl e

Hypoxia-induced changes in rat skeletal muscle (De Palma S.)

2D-DIGE, HPLC ESI-MS/MS

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1R)

transcription

In vivo adaptation to hypoxia requires an active metabolic switch.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)

regulation of glucose metabolism

Mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

branched chain family amino acid catabolic process

Succinyl CoA ligase α chain

tricarboxylic acid cycle

Lifestyle on the aging alterations ( Alves RM.)

2-DE, MALDI-TOF/TOF

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 α subcomplex subunit 4

oxidative phosphorylation

Lifestyle is a key modulator for preventing aging-induced protein expression and functionality in mitochondria.

Creatine kinase

signal transduction

Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial

redox