Table 3 Important bioactive molecules secreted by MSCs and their functions
Bioactive molecules | Functions |
|---|---|
prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) | anti-proliferative mediators [40] |
anti-inflammation [41] | |
Interleukin-10(IL-10) | |
transforming growth | suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation [44] |
factorβ-1(TGFβ1), hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) | |
Interleukin-1 receptor Antagonist | anti-inflammatory [45] |
human leukocyte antigen G isoform (HLA-G5) | anti-proliferative for naive |
T-cells [46] | |
LL-37 | anti-microbial peptide and reduce inflammation [47] |
angiopoietin-1 | restore epithelial protein permeability [48] |
MMP3, MMP9 | mediating neovascularization [49] |
Keratinocyte growth factor | Alveolar epithelial fluid transport [50] |
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) | enhance proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells [51, 52] |