Fig. 5

Schematic representations of pathways modulated by H19 and HULC in CCA cells. H19 and HULC are up-regulated by oxidative stress induced by viruses or liver flukes and sponging miRNAs, such as let-7a/let-7b and miR-372/miR-373. This increases the expression of inflammation-related genes, including IL-6 and CXCR4, resulting in abnormal inflammation responses and pathogenesis of CCA