Table 1 EV-associated miRNAs in cancer

miR-202-3p

CLL

Suppress cancer initiation

Tumors discard these miRNAs via EVs to

[27]

let-7 family

Gastric cancer

Suppress cancer initiation

Promote cancer initiation

[21]

miR-146a

MM

Favor MM cell growth

Elevate several cytokines and chemokines

[25]

miR-21

Lung cancer

Promote angiogenesis

Elevate levels of VEGF

[30]

miR-21

Lung cancer

Regulate immunity

Bind as ligands to TLRs in immune cells

[53]

miR-21

Ovarian cancer

Suppress apoptosis

Bind to its target APAF1

[63]

miR-9

Breast cancer

Promote angiogenesis

Activate JAK-STAT pathway

[36]

miR-135b

MM

Promote angiogenesis

Target HIF-1

[37]

miR-939

Breast cancer

Destroy endothelial barriers

Downregulate VE-cadherin

[38]

miR-105

Breast cancer

Destroy endothelial barriers

Target the tight junction protein ZO-1

[39]

miR-10b

Breast cancer

Promote cell invasion

Suppress its target genes HOXD10 and KLF4

[40]

miR-181c

Breast cancer

Destroy BBB

Downregulate its target gene PDPK1

[43]

miR-200

Breast cancer

Promote metastasis

Regulate MET process

[47]

miR-122

Breast cancer

Promote metastasis

Reprogram glucose metabolism

[49]

miR-29a

Lung cancer

Regulate immunity

Bind as ligands to TLRs in immune cells

[53]

miR-203

PC

Cause immune dysfunction

Regulate TLR4

[54]

miR-212-3p

PC

Induce immune tolerance

Downregulate REXAP expression

[56]

miR-221/222

Breast cancer

Enhance drug resistance

Reduce target gene expression of P27 and ERa

[56]

miR-21/155

Neuroblastoma

Enhance drug resistance

Function as exosomic miR-21/ TLR8/NF-кB/exosomic miR-155/TERF1 axis

[57]

miR-143

Prostate cancer

Inhibit cell growth

Act as a death signal in cell-competitive process

[62]