Table 1 Molecular mechanisms of deregulated lncRNAs in EC

Localizes to chromatin

CASC9

Up

Negatively regulates PDCD4 expression through recruiting EZH2 and altering H3K27me3 level

[32]

SBF2-AS1

Up

Binds with PRC2 and guided PRC2 to the promoter of CDKN1A and decreased CDKN1A expression

[33]

CASC9

Up

Activates the FAK-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways through upregulating LAMC2 expression by interacting with the CREB-binding protein

[35]

LUCAT1

Binds to DNMT1 and regulates its stability, inhibits the expression of tumor suppressors through DNA methylation

[41]

NMR,

Interacts with BPTF and recruits it to chromatin, upregulates expression of MMP3 and MMP10 via ERK1/2 activation

[42]

Interacts with RNA (mRNA splicing)

LincRNA-uc002yug.2

Up

Associates with alternative splicing of RUNX1

[48]

Interacts with RNA (ceRNA)

ATB

Up

Regulates miR-200b/Kindlin-2 axis

[51]

SNHG16

Up

Regulates miR-140-5p/ZEB1 axis

[54]

HOTAIR

Up

Regulates miR-125/HK2 and miR-143/HK2 axis, miR-148a/Snail2 axis, miR-1/CCND1 axis

[61] [64] [65]

CCAT1

Up

Regulates miR-7/HOXB13 axis

[69]

NEAT1

Up

Regulates miR-129/CTBP2 axis

[70]

PVT1

Up

Regulates miR-203/LASP1 axis

[71]

SNHG1

Up

Regulates miR-338/CST3 axis

[72]

UCA1

Up

Regulates miR-204/ Sox4 axis

[73]

XIST

Up

Regulates miR-101/EZH2 axis

[74]

TUSC7

Down

Regulates miR-224/DESC1 axis

[75]

Interacts with protein

LINC01503

Up

Activates ERK signaling via MAPK and increases AKT signaling

[78]

EZR-AS1

Up

Upregulates EZR expression by causing SMYD3 redistribution

[85]