Fig. 1

MSCs-exo treatment induced remission of established cGVHD. a Representative electron microscopy images of identified exosomes isolated from fibroblasts and MSCs using ultracentrifugation. Scale bar: 100 nm. b Both exosomes highly expressed CD9, CD81, and CD63, which were specially enriched in the membrane of exosomes and served as exosome markers. c Representative images of cGVHD mice on day 35 after engraftment with typical dermal lesions characterized by hair loss, redness, flaking, scabbing, or hunched posture. MSCs-exo treatment significantly ameliorated these symptoms. d Survival curves of mice that underwent allogeneic HSCT treated by PBS, Fib-exo, and MSCs-exo. The survival rates were significantly higher in the MSCs-exo group than in the other groups. e The clinical scores (on a scale of 7.9) of cGVHD mice were determined by two researchers in a blind fashion. MSCs-exo-treated mice presented the lowest scores in cGVHD mice. f The skin scores (on a scale of 3.9) of cGVHD mice were also determined and the lowest scores were observed in MSCs-exo-treated cGVHD mice. Data were collected from two independent experiments with 6–8 mice per group. Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM