Table 2 Clinical trials of agents targeting TAMs for cancer treatment
Compound | Target | Combination partner | Tumor type | Phase | Status/results | Ref. or trial no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agents that inhibit TAM survival | ||||||
 Trabectedin | Pan-macrophages | Durvalumab | Solid tumors | 1 | Not yet recruiting | NCT03496519 |
Monotherapy | Mesothelioma | 2 | Recruiting | NCT02194231 | ||
 Lurbinectedin (PM01183) | Pan-macrophages | Monotherapy | Solid tumors | 1 | No clinical consequences | [122] |
Monotherapy | Ovarian cancer | 1 | Active, not recruiting | [123] | ||
Gemcitabine | Solid tumors | 1 | CR, 3% PR, 21% PFS, 4.2 m | [124] | ||
Agents that polarize TAMs to M1 type | ||||||
 Zoledronic acid (ZA) | N/A | Monotherapy | Breast cancer | 3 | Prolonged survival | [125] |
Monotherapy | Breast cancer | 2 | Recruiting | NCT02347163 | ||
 CP-870, 893 | CD40 | Monotherapy | Solid tumors | 1 | PR, 14% | [126] |
Gemcitabine | Pancreatic cancer | 1 | ORR, 19% PFS, 5.6% OS, 7.4% | [127] | ||
Agents that inhibit TAM recruitment | ||||||
 Emactuzumab (RG7155) | CSF-1R | Monotherapy | Solid tumors | 1 | PMR, 11% ORR, 0% CBR, 24% | [128] |
Monotherapy | Dt-GCT | 1 | CR + PR, 86% SD, 11% | [129] | ||
Atezolizumab | Solid tumors | 1 | Recruiting | NCT02323191 | ||
Paclitaxel | Ovarian cancer Breast cancer | 1 | Not yet reported | NCT01494688 | ||
Paclitaxel | Ovarian cancer | 2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02923739 | ||
 Pexidartinib (PLX3397) | CSF-1R | Monotherapy | Dt-GCT | 2 | PR, 52% SD, 30% PD, 4% | [130] |
Paclitaxel | Solid tumors | 1 | Not yet reported | NCT01525602 | ||
Durvalumab | Colorectal cancer Pancreatic cancer | 1 | Recruiting | NCT02777710 | ||
Monotherapy | Melanoma | 1/2 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02975700 | ||
Monotherapy | Dt-GCT GCT-TS | 3 | Active, not recruiting | NCT02371369 | ||
 ARRY-382 | CSF-1R | Monotherapy | Solid tumors | 1 | ORR, 0% SD, 15% | [131] |
Pembrolizumab | Solid tumors | 1b/2 | Recruiting | NCT02880371 | ||
 CCX872 | CCR2 | FOLFIRINOX | Pancreatic cancer | 1b | 18 m OS, 29% | |
 PF-04136309 | CCR2 | FOLFIRINOX | Pancreatic cancer | 1b | ORR, 49% | [134] |
 Carlumab | CCL2 | Monotherapy | Solid tumors | 1b | Antitumor activity | [135] |
Monotherapy | Prostate cancer | 2 | No antitumor activity | [135] | ||