Fig. 3

Serum cytokines, inflammatory markers, and B cell markers before and after bispecific CD19/CD22 CAR T cell therapy. a Serum levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers measured at the indicated time points after cell infusion. Analytes with a fold change greater than or equal to three are indicated and plotted as relative changes from the baseline (determined on day 0 before infusion). Increases in the levels of cytokines, including interleukin-1β, GM-CSF, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon gamma, were observed in the three patients. b Serum ferritin and C-reactive protein concentrations. c Circulating blasts and low levels of nonmalignant B cells in patient 5 peripheral blood at day 1, followed by CAR T cell expansion coincident with the clearance of leukemia and nonmalignant B cells by day 20; the CD19/CD22 CAR T cells disappeared and B cell recovery occurred by day 100. Green dots show leukemic blasts (CD19+CD34+); red dots represent normal B cells