Table 1 Inhibitory immune checkpoint roles of VISTA
From: VISTA: an immune regulatory protein checking tumor and immune cells in cancer immunotherapy
Cancer type | Research object | VISTA expression | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Melanoma | Samples from patients with untreated metastatic melanoma | CD68+ macrophages | Blando et al. [17] |
B16-BL6 melanoma cells | Tumor-associated myeloid cells | Xu et al. [18] | |
Patient samples, melanoma cell lines | Melanoma cells | Rosenbaum et al. [19] | |
B16 OVA melanoma models | CD8+ T cells | Kondo et al. [20] | |
VISTA-KO mice, PD-1 KO mice, VISTA/PD-1 double KO mice | T cells | Liu et al. [21] | |
Patient samples with acquired anti-PD-1 resistance | Lymphocytes | Kakavand et al. [22] | |
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Patient samples | CD68+ macrophages | Blando et al. [17] |
Patient samples | Activated T cells | Xie et al. [23] | |
Pancreatic tissue including pancreatic adenocarcinomas | Normal ductal epithelium within the pancreas | Byers et al. [24] | |
Prostate cancer | Samples from patients with or without ipilimumab treatment | Independent subsets of macrophages | Gao et al. [14] |
Renal cell carcinoma | Patient samples | Activated T cells | Ni et al. [25] |
Patient samples | Tumor tissues, CD14+HLA-DR+ macrophages | Hong et al. [26] | |
Non-small cell lung cancer | NSCLC FFPE tumor samples | NSCLC tumor and stromal cells | Villarroel-Espindola et al. [13] |
NSCLC FFPE tumor samples | NSCLC tumor and stromal cells | Hernandez-Martinez et al. [27] | |
Resected tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage samples | Lymphocytes | Brcic et al. [28] | |
Acute myeloid leukemia | Human AML donors, AML mouse model, VISTA-KO mice | Myeloid subsets and T cells | Kim et al. [29] |
Peripheral blood from AML patients | Myeloid-derived suppressor cells | Wang et al. [30] | |
Colorectal cancer | VISTA-KO mice, CT26 colon carcinoma cell line | Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes | Xie et al. [15] |
Ovarian cancer | Patient samples, ID8 mouse ovarian cancer cell line, mice | Tumor cells | Mulati et al. [31] |
Endometrial cancer | Patient samples, OV2944-HM-1 mouse ovarian cancer cell line, mice | Tumor cells, CD8+ T cells | Mulati et al. [31] |
Fibrosarcoma | MCA105 fibrosarcoma cell lines, mice | Hematopoietic cell types | Wang et al. [4] |
Glioma | Murine glioma model, VISTA-KO mice | CD4+ T cells | Flies et al. [12] |