Table 3 Pathogen-associated regulation of autophagy and inflammasome in terms of carcinogenesis
From: Crosstalks between inflammasome and autophagy in cancer
Pathogen | Cell/tissue | Mechanism | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatitis C virus | THP-1, U2OS, Huh7, Huh7.5, K2040 | NLRP3 inflammasome activation via calcium mobilization linked to phospholipase-C through HCV core protein | Increased inflammatory responses by HCV core protein | [125] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7.25CD81) | Activation of autophagy through immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM)-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1 | Promoting HCV replication by IRGM-mediated autophagy | [126] | |
Helicobacter pylori | Gastric cancer (AGS); murine primary gastric cell | Decrease of cathepsin-D sorting to the autophagosome in chronic exposure of VacA | Protective autophagy against H. pylori | [128] |
Bone marrow-derived macrophage, peripheral blood monocytic cell | NLRP3 inflammasome activation via potassium efflux, lysosomal destabilization, and increased ROS production by VacA and cagPAI of H. pylori virulence factor | Inflammasome-mediated adaptive immune response to control H. pylori infection | [129] | |
Human papillomavirus 16 | Anogenital cancer, (CaSki, SiHa, HeLa, C-33 A), immortalized keratinocyte | Impaired IL-1β secretion by HPV16 E6 oncoprotein via post-translational control | Tumorigenesis | [130] |