Fig. 10

Immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the activity of carcinoma-associated fibroblast, the status of mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells, as well as the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. a H&E staining. b Anti-α-SMA staining. c Picrosirius red staining. d Anti-E-cadherin staining. e Anti-Vimentin staining. f Anti-Ki-67 staining. g Anti-PCNA staining. h Anti-cleaved-Caspase 3. For quantitative analysis, the integral optical density (IOD) of values the IHC stainings were calculated. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 denote the significant difference relative to YM101 treatment. Scale bars, 100 μm. α-TGF-β: anti-TGF-β, α-PD-L1: anti-PD-L1