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Table 5 Therapeutic strategies targeting the TGF-β pathway

From: Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy

Therapeutic categories

Targets

Drugs

Small molecules

TGF-βR1

Galunisertib, vactosertib, BMS-986260, LY3200882; PF-06952229

Antibodies

Pan-TGF-β

Fresolimumab, SAR439459, NIS793

Glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP)- TGF-β1

ABBV-151

TGF-β1 and TGF-β2

XPA-42-089

Bi-specific antibodies

TGF-βRII and PD-L1

Binstrafusp alfa

TGF-βRII and CTLA4

a-CTLA4-TGFβRIIecd

Antisense

TGF-β2

Trabedersen

Modified ACT

Dominant-negative TGF-βRII

Â