Table 1 Key metabolic genes and related metabolites from the nucleotide metabolism in cancer immunity

Nucleotide metabolism

NT5E (CD73)

Purine nucleobase metabolism, pyrimidine nucleobase metabolism, adenosine biosynthesis, AMP catabolic process, DNA metabolic process, purine nucleotide biosynthesis

Phosphated ribonucleoside

Ribonucleoside

Oleclumab, AB680, APCP

[21, 22]

ENTPD1(CD39)

Purine metabolism, Pyrimidine metabolism

Phosphated ribonucleoside

Phosphated ribonucleoside

TTX-030, IPH5201

[21, 23, 24]

PNP

Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity

Ribonucleoside

Phosphated ribonucleoside

Forodesine

[25,26,27]

Purine metabolism

ADSS

Adenine ribonucleotide biosynthesis

IMP

ADP, ATP

[28]

ADA

Purine metabolism

Adenosine

Inosine

Elapegademase, pentostatin

[29]

XDH

Purine metabolism

Hypoxanthine, Xanthine

Xanthine, uric acid

Allopurinol, amflutizole

[30]

PPAT

5-Phosphoribosylamine biosynthesis

PRPP

5-Phosphoribosylamine and pyrophosphate

D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate

[31]

PRPS

PRPP biosynthesis

Ribose 5P

PRPP

[32, 33]

GART

Inosine monophosphate biosynthesis

PRPP

IMP

Lometrexol sodium,

Pelitrexol,

Pemetrexed

[34, 35]

IMPDH

Guanine ribonucleotide biosynthesis

IMP

GDP, GTP

Merimepodib, mizoribine, mycophenolic acid

[36,37,38,39,40]

Pyrimidine metabolism

CAD

Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis

Glutamine

UMP

[41, 42]

DHODH

Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis

Dihydroorotate

Orotate

Brequinar sodium, leflunomide, and teriflunomide

[43,44,45,46]

UMPS

Uridine monophosphate biosynthesis

Glutamine

UMP

[8, 42, 47]

DPYD

Pyrimidine degradation

Uracil, thymine

Beta-alanine, 3-aminoisobutanoate

Eniluracil, Gimeracil

[48,49,50]

CDD

Uridine monophosphate synthesis

Cytidine, Deoxycytidine

Uridine, Deoxyuridine

[51, 52]