Fig. 2
From: Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy
Ligands and signaling pathways of RLRs. a RLRs may be engaged by both foreign (non-self) RNA and endogenous (self) RNA. b RLRs have a preference for different RNA. Stimulation of RLRs by RNA ligands leads to MAVS-mediated activation of TBK1-IRF3/7 and IKK-NF-kB signaling pathways, which in turn induce the expression of IFNs and proinflammatory genes. circRNA, circular RNA. srpRNA, signal recognition particle RNA. dsRNA, double-stranded RNA. lncRNA, long noncoding RNA. mt-dsRNA, mitochondrial dsRNA. rRNA, ribosome RNA. ssRNA, single-stranded RNA. tRNA, transfer RNA. MW, molecular weight